What are the disadvantages of planning, the meaning of implementation, job description content, and the nature/importance of evaluation and monitoring?

Here are the answers to your questions:

14. Disadvantage of planning is that

    • a) the order of priorities is governed by politics
    • Explanation: Political influence can lead to decisions that are not always optimal for the organization's overall goals.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

15. Implementation means

    • c) executing
    • Explanation: Implementation refers to the process of putting a plan or decision into effect.
    • $\boxed{\text{c)}}$

16. Content of job description include

    • a) job title
    • Explanation: A job description fundamentally includes the title of the position.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

17. All the following are contents of job description except

    • d) evaluation
    • Explanation: Evaluation is a separate process of assessing performance, not a component of the job description itself.
    • $\boxed{\text{d)}}$

18. Evaluation is

    • a) a measure of degree of success of failure of a programme
    • Explanation: Evaluation assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of a program or activity.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

19. One of the importance of evaluation is to

    • b) find out how to improve knowledge and skills
    • Explanation: Evaluation helps identify areas where individuals or programs need improvement.
    • $\boxed{\text{b)}}$

20. Monitoring is

    • a) continuous assessment of planned activity
    • Explanation: Monitoring involves ongoing observation and assessment to ensure activities are progressing as intended.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

21. One of the following is a method of monitoring

    • b) continuous observation of staff performance
    • Explanation: Directly observing staff performance over time is a key method of monitoring.
    • $\boxed{\text{b)}}$

22. Formative evaluation is

    • a) evaluation that takes place as the lesson is still going
    • Explanation: Formative evaluation occurs during the learning process to provide ongoing feedback and make adjustments.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

23. Summative evaluation is a type of evaluation that occurs:

    • d) at the end of a learning period
    • Explanation: Summative evaluation assesses overall learning or program effectiveness after the instruction or activity is complete.
    • $\boxed{\text{d)}}$

24. Principles of training includes all the following except

    • b) endurance of understanding
    • Explanation: Clarity, simplicity, and feedback are principles of effective training. "Endurance of understanding" is a desired outcome, not a principle of the training process itself.
    • $\boxed{\text{b)}}$

25. One of the barriers to effective communication is

    • a) inadequate knowledge
    • Explanation: A lack of sufficient knowledge can prevent clear and effective communication.
    • $\boxed{\text{a)}}$

26. All the following BUT one are barriers to effective communication

    • c) ability to operate new machine
    • Explanation: The ability to operate a machine is a skill, not a barrier to communication. Poor planning, socio-economic differences, and emotion can all hinder communication.
    • $\boxed{\text{c)}}$

27. One of the purposes of monitoring is

    • b) ensure work is progressing according to schedule
    • Explanation: Monitoring primarily aims to track progress and ensure that activities are on track with the planned timeline.
    • $\boxed{\text{b)}}$

28. All the following but one are things consider when writing lesson plan

    • d) collaboration
    • Explanation: Time, teaching aids, and topic are essential components of a lesson plan. Collaboration is a method of working with others, not a direct element within the lesson plan itself.
    • $\boxed{\text{d)}}$