This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here's the solution to the questions based on the provided diagram: a) Name: (i) Solid P: Manganese(IV) oxide* (MnO_2) (ii) Gas Q: Chlorine* (Cl_2) (iii) Solid T: Lead(II) chloride* (PbCl_2) (iv) Solid U: Sulfur* (S) b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of the reddish-brown liquid R. The reddish-brown liquid R is formed from the reaction of chlorine gas (Q) with sodium iodide solution. Chlorine displaces iodide ions to form iodine. Cl_2(g) + 2I^-(aq) 2Cl^-(aq) + I_2(aq) c) Give a commercial application of solution S. Solution S is formed from chlorine gas and cold dilute potassium hydroxide, containing potassium hypochlorite (KClO). Bleaching agent (e.g., in laundry) or disinfectant* (e.g., in water treatment). d) State and explain the observation made when a gas jar containing chlorine gas is inverted over a gas jar containing hydrogen sulphide gas. Observation: A white or yellowish solid is formed, and the yellow-green colour of chlorine gas disappears*. Explanation: Chlorine gas (Cl_2) is a strong oxidizing agent that reacts with hydrogen sulfide gas (H_2S). Chlorine oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to solid sulfur (S), which appears as a white or yellowish solid, and is itself reduced to hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). Cl_2(g) + H_2S(g) S(s) + 2HCl(g) 4. Give a reason why chlorine is used in the manufacture of pesticides and germicides. Chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent and is highly reactive. These properties allow it to be incorporated into organic compounds to synthesize various pesticides and germicides, or to act directly as a germicidal agent by disrupting microbial cell structures.