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Figure 3.1 shows reaction pathways involving various organic compounds and industrial processes. (a) Identify the processes labelled: P, Q, R, T
Chemistry
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Haya, hebu tutambue michakato iliyoonyeshwa kwenye mchoro:
- P: Kutoka mafuta ghafi (Crude oil) hadi propene, hatua ya kwanza ya kutenganisha vipengele vya mafuta ghafi ni fractional distillation (usafishaji wa sehemu). Ingawa propene hupatikana kwa kawaida kupitia cracking (uvunjaji) wa hidrokaboni kubwa kutoka kwa sehemu za mafuta ghafi, fractional distillation ni mchakato muhimu wa awali.
- Q: Kutoka propene hadi propan-1-ol. Huu ni mmenyuko wa kuongeza maji kwenye alkene (propene) ili kutengeneza alkoholi (propan-1-ol). Mchakato huu unaitwa hydration. Jibu la mwanafunzi "Fermentation" si sahihi.
- R: Kutoka propan-1-ol hadi asidi ya propanoic. Huu ni mmenyuko wa oxidation (oksidishaji) ambapo alkoholi ya msingi hubadilishwa kuwa asidi ya kaboksili. Jibu la mwanafunzi "Oxydation" (Oxidation) ni sahihi.
- T: Kutoka propene hadi polypropene. Huu ni mchakato ambapo molekuli nyingi za propene (monomers) huungana kuunda polima ndefu (polypropene). Mchakato huu unaitwa polymerization. Jibu la mwanafunzi "Polymerisation" ni sahihi.
Kwa hivyo, majibu sahihi ni:
- P: Fractional distillation
- Q: Hydration
- R: Oxidation
- T: Polymerization
Hapa kuna majibu yaliyorekebishwa:
a) Tambua michakato iliyoandikwa:
P: Fractional distillation
Q: Hydration
R: Oxidation
T: Polymerization
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