This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to the questions: 1. Transition elements possess variable oxidation states because they have Transition elements are characterized by having partially filled d-orbitals. The electrons in both the outermost s-orbitals and the inner d-orbitals have similar energies and can be involved in chemical bonding. This allows transition elements to lose a variable number of electrons, leading to multiple stable oxidation states. B. electrons in the d-orbitals. 2. A hydrocarbon C_3H_y burns in air according to the following equation: C_3H_y(g) + 5O_2(g) → 3CO_2(g) + (y)/(2)H_2O_(g) The value of y is Step 1: Balance the oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation. On the reactant side, there are 5 × 2 = 10 oxygen atoms from 5O_2. On the product side, there are 3 × 2 = 6 oxygen atoms from 3CO_2 and (y)/(2) × 1 = (y)/(2) oxygen atoms from (y)/(2)H_2O. Step 2: Set the total number of oxygen atoms on the reactant side equal to the total on the product side. 10 = 6 + (y)/(2) Step 3: Solve for y. 10 - 6 = (y)/(2) 4 = (y)/(2) y = 4 × 2 y = 8 D. 8. 3. An element X has a valency of +3. The correct formula of its chloride is Step 1: Determine the charge of element X and chlorine. Element X has a valency of +3, meaning it forms an ion with a +3 charge (X^3+). Chlorine (Cl) is a halogen and typically has a valency of -1, forming an ion with a -1 charge (Cl^-). Step 2: Combine the ions to form a neutral compound. To balance the +3 charge of one X^3+ ion, three Cl^- ions are required (3 × (-1) = -3). The charges balance: (+3) + 3(-1) = 0. Step 3: Write the chemical formula. The formula for the chloride of X is XCl_3. B. XCl_3 Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.