This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the observations and inferences for the tests on solid M: a) iii) To another portion of the filtrate, add 2 drops of barium nitrate followed by 1 cm^3 of 2M nitric acid. | Observations | Inferences | | :----------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | A white precipitate forms. | Sulfate ions (SO_4^2-) are present. | b) Dry the residue using a filter paper. i) Using a clean spatula, transfer about half of the residue in a dry test tube, heat the residue strongly and test the gas produced using moist blue and red litmus papers. | Observations | Inferences | | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | A colorless gas is produced. The gas turns moist blue litmus paper red. Moist red litmus paper remains red. | An acidic gas is produced, likely carbon dioxide (CO_2). Carbonate is present. | ii) Place the remaining residue in a dry test tube. Add 2M nitric acid until all the solid dissolves. Retain the mixture for test (iii) below. | Observations | Inferences | | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | The white residue dissolves with effervescence to form a colorless solution. | The residue is a carbonate or sulfite. |