This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.

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a) The dam wall has a wider base and tapers towards the top.
b) The dam is built with a wider base because fluid pressure increases with depth. The water exerts a greater force at the bottom of the dam, so a thicker base is needed to withstand this higher pressure and ensure stability.
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a) The dam wall has a wider base and tapers towards the top. b) The dam is built with a wider base because fluid pressure increases with depth.
This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.