Aldonic acid: An aldonic acid is a type of sugar acid derived from an aldose. It is formed by the oxidation of the aldehyde group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid group. For example, gluconic acid is an aldonic acid derived from glucose. Glucuronic acid: Glucuronic acid is a uronic acid derived from glucose. In this sugar acid, the primary alcohol group at carbon 6 of glucose has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid group. Glucuronic acid is important in the detoxification of many compounds in the body, as it can be conjugated with them to increase their water solubility and facilitate excretion.