This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Morning Desmond — let's get this done. 6. a) (i) Element X has 3 electron shells, so it is in Period 3. It has 6 valence electrons, so it is in Group VI (or Group 16). (ii) Element X (Sulfur) forms S^2- ions, and Sodium (Na) forms Na^+ ions. The formula of the compound is Na_2S. (iii) The compound formed between a metal (Sodium) and a non-metal (Sulfur) is an ionic compound. (iv) Three physical properties of an ionic compound: • High melting and boiling points • Soluble in water • Conducts electricity when molten or in aqueous solution b) (i) Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance and has units (e.g., kg/m³), while relative density is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (usually water) and has no units. (ii) Archimedes' principle states that when an object is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. (iii) Step 1: Calculate the loss in weight (buoyant force). Loss in weight = Weight in air - Weight in water = 250\, N - 130\, N = 120\, N Step 2: Calculate the relative density. Relative density = Weight in airLoss in weight = 250\, N120\, N Step 3: Simplify the result. Relative density = (25)/(12) ≈ 2.083 The relative density of the object is 2.08. c) (i) Two functions of the mammalian skeleton: • Support for the body. • Protection of vital internal organs. (ii) Type of vertebrae found in each region: I. neck region: Cervical vertebrae II. tail region: Caudal vertebrae III. abdominal region: Lumbar vertebrae d) (i) Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their products to create or modify products or processes for specific uses. (ii) Three applications of biotechnology: • Production of vaccines and antibiotics • Genetic engineering of crops for improved traits • Gene therapy for treating genetic diseases 7. a) (i) A mixture is a substance containing two or more different substances that are physically combined and not chemically bonded. The components retain their individual properties. (ii) Most appropriate method to separate: I. water and palm oil: Decantation or using a separating funnel. II. sodium chloride and water: Evaporation or distillation. b) (i) One instrument used in detecting radioactive emissions: Geiger-Müller counter. (ii) How each radiation is affected by a magnetic field: I. -particles: Deflected (positively charged). II. -particles: Deflected in the opposite direction to -particles (negatively charged). III. -rays: Not deflected (no charge). c) (i) Two structures found in plant cells only: • Cell wall • Chloroplasts (ii) Two structures found in both animal and plant cells: • Cell membrane • Nucleus d) (i) Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism despite changes in external conditions. (ii) Three processes in the water cycle that take water into the atmosphere: • Evaporation • Transpiration • Sublimation What's next?