Write chemical equations and draw open structural formulas for the following organic compounds and reactions.

Here are the answers to the remaining parts of your chemistry questions.

a) Write a chemical equation between:

• iii) Butanoic acid + Sodium hydroxide Butanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in a neutralization reaction to form sodium butanoate and water. $$\boxed{\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH(aq)} + \text{NaOH(aq)} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COONa(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}}$$

b) Draw the open structural formula of:

• i) Ethyl butanoate

  $$\boxed{\begin{matrix} \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{O} & \text{H} & \text{H} \\ | & | & | & \parallel & | & | \\ \text{H} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{O} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{H} \\ | & | & | & & | & | \\ \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{H} & & \text{H} & \text{H} \end{matrix}}$$

• ii) Propanoic acid

  $$\boxed{\begin{matrix} \text{H} & \text{H} & \text{O} \\ | & | & \parallel \\ \text{H} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{O} - \text{H} \\ | & | \\ \text{H} & \text{H} \end{matrix}}$$

• iii) 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorobutane

  $$\boxed{\begin{matrix} \text{Cl} & \text{Cl} & \text{H} & \text{H} \\ | & | & | & | \\ \text{Cl} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{C} - \text{H} \\ | & | & | & | \\ \text{H} & \text{Cl} & \text{H} & \text{H} \end{matrix}}$$

• iv) Prop-1,2-diene

  $$\boxed{\begin{matrix} \text{H} & & \text{H} \\ \backslash & & / \\ \text{C} = \text{C} = \text{C} \\ / & & \backslash \\ \text{H} & & \text{H} \end{matrix}}$$

c) Give example for the following processes using a chemical equation:

• i) Hydrogenation Hydrogenation of ethene to ethane.

  $$\boxed{\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)} \xrightarrow{\text{Ni catalyst}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3\text{(g)}}$$

• ii) Halogenation Halogenation of ethene with bromine.

  $$\boxed{\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2\text{(g)} + \text{Br}_2\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2\text{Br-CH}_2\text{Br(l)}}$$

• iii) Dehydration Dehydration of ethanol to ethene.

  $$\boxed{\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH(l)} \xrightarrow{\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\text{, heat}} \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}}$$

• iv) Fermentation Fermentation of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

  $$\boxed{\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\text{(aq)} \xrightarrow{\text{Yeast}} 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH(aq)} + 2\text{CO}_2\text{(g)}}$$