Components of periodic table

The periodic table is composed of several key components that organize and classify the chemical elements:

1. Elements: Each box represents a unique chemical element, identified by its atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass.
2. Periods (Rows): The seven horizontal rows represent increasing atomic number and correspond to the principal energy levels (electron shells) of atoms.
3. Groups/Families (Columns): The eighteen vertical columns contain elements with similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
4. Blocks: Elements are categorized into s, p, d, and f blocks based on the type of orbital being filled with electrons.
5. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids: Elements are broadly classified by their physical and chemical properties, with metals typically on the left and center, nonmetals on the upper right, and metalloids forming a diagonal line between them.