Componets of periodic table

Key components include:

• Elements: The fundamental substances, each with a unique atomic number.
• Groups (Families): Vertical columns (1-18) containing elements with similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
• Periods: Horizontal rows (1-7) representing the number of electron shells an atom of an element possesses.
• Blocks: Regions (s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block) based on the type of orbital where the outermost electrons are found.
• Categories of Elements:
  • Metals: Typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile (most elements).
  • Nonmetals: Generally poor conductors, brittle, and often gases at room temperature.
  • Metalloids: Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which defines the element.
• Atomic Mass: The average mass of an atom of an element, typically listed below the symbol.
• Element Symbol: A one or two-letter abbreviation for each element.