Equations that take place at the node and cathode.

At the Anode (Oxidation):

• The anode is the electrode where oxidation takes place. Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

• General Equation: A → Aⁿ⁺ + n e⁻ (Where A is a species that loses 'n' electrons to become an ion Aⁿ⁺)

• Example (Chloride oxidation during electrolysis): 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻

At the Cathode (Reduction):

• The cathode is the electrode where reduction takes place. Reduction is the gain of electrons.

• General Equation: Bⁿ⁺ + n e⁻ → B (Where Bⁿ⁺ is an ion that gains 'n' electrons to become species B)

• Example (Copper reduction during electrolysis): Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu