Figure 4 below is an illustration of a set-up for carrying out an experimental process in the laboratory. Study the figure carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

here are the answers for question 4.

4. Figure 4 below is an illustration of a set-up for carrying out an experimental process in the laboratory. Study the figure carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the parts labelled I, II, III and IV.

• I: Less dense liquid layer (e.g., oil)
• II: Stopcock/Tap
• III: Beaker
• IV: Retort stand

b) State the principle on which this experiment works.

• The experiment works on the principle that immiscible liquids separate into layers based on their differences in density, with the denser liquid settling at the bottom.

c) Identify the process.

• The process is separation by decantation using a separating funnel, specifically for separating immiscible liquids.

d) What other process could be used for the same experiment?

• Decantation (without a separating funnel, by carefully pouring off the top layer).

e) Give three (3) examples of pair of immiscible liquids that the apparatus illustrated could be used for the same process identified in (a) above.

• • Oil and water
• • Kerosene and water
• • Tetrachloromethane and water

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