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Chemistry

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1 (f) (i)
The most powerful reducing agent is the species that is most easily oxidized, which corresponds to the half-reaction with the lowest (most negative) standard reduction potential (E∘E^\circ).
Comparing the E∘E^\circ values from the table:

  • A: Fe2++2e−→Fe\text{Fe}^{2+} + 2e^- \to \text{Fe} (E∘=+0.27E^\circ = +0.27 V) - Reducing agent: Fe\text{Fe}
  • B: NO3−+3H++2e−→HNO2+H2O\text{NO}_3^- + 3\text{H}^+ + 2e^- \to \text{HNO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} (E∘=+0.94E^\circ = +0.94 V) - Reducing agent: HNO2\text{HNO}_2
  • C: Cl2+2e−→2Cl−\text{Cl}_2 + 2e^- \to 2\text{Cl}^- (E∘=+1.36E^\circ = +1.36 V) - Reducing agent: Cl−\text{Cl}^-
  • D: Cr2O72−+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-} + 14\text{H}^+ + 6e^- \to 2\text{Cr}^{3+} + 7\text{H}_2\text{O} (E∘=+1.33E^\circ = +1.33 V) - Reducing agent: Cr3+\text{Cr}^{3+}
  • E: S2O82−+2e−→2SO42−\text{S}_2\text{O}_8^{2-} + 2e^- \to 2\text{SO}_4^{2-} (E∘=+2.01E^\circ = +2.01 V) - Reducing agent: SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}

The lowest E∘E^\circ value is +0.27+0.27 V, which corresponds to the Fe2+/Fe\text{Fe}^{2+}/\text{Fe} couple. Therefore, Fe\text{Fe} is the most powerful reducing agent.

The most powerful reducing agent is $\boxed

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