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Identify laboratory apparatus, explain solubility, and describe an experiment to determine the solubility of a solid in a liquid.

Chemistry

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1. Laboratory Apparatus

a)
Apparatus C is a funnel.
Apparatus E is a measuring cylinder.

b)
One use of apparatus D (beaker) is to hold and mix liquids.

c)

i) To measure a fixed volume of liquid, you would use apparatus E (measuring cylinder).

ii) To hold a liquid while mixing, you would use apparatus D (beaker).

2. Solubility Experiment

a)
Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature to form a saturated solution.

b)
Two factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid are:

  • Temperature
  • Nature of the solute and solvent

c)

  1. Measure out exactly 100 cm3100 \text{ cm}^3 of water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a beaker.

  2. Add the salt gradually to the water while stirring continuously.

  3. Continue adding the salt until no more dissolves and some undissolved salt remains at the bottom, indicating a saturated solution.

  4. Filter the solution to separate the undissolved salt.

  5. Carefully dry the undissolved salt and weigh it.

  6. Subtract the mass of the undissolved salt from the total mass of salt initially added to find the mass of salt that dissolved.

    d)
    You would know that the solution is saturated when no more salt dissolves and undissolved salt remains at the bottom of the container.

    e)
    One use of the information obtained from this experiment is in determining the conditions for crystallization or precipitation in industrial processes.

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