Identify laboratory apparatus and explain the concept of solubility and factors affecting it.

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1. Figure 1 below shows some laboratory apparatus. a) Name the apparatus labelled C and E. C: Filter funnel E: Measuring cylinder b) State one use of the apparatus labelled D in the laboratory. D (Beaker): Holding and mixing liquids. c) Which one of the above apparatus would you use to: (i) measure a fixed volume of liquid? E (Measuring cylinder) (ii) hold a liquid while mixing? A (Conical flask) 2. The diagram below illustrates an experiment to determine the solubility of salt in water at a particular temperature. a) What is meant by the term "solubility"? Solubility is the maximum mass of a solute that can dissolve in a given mass of solvent (usually 100 g or 100 cm³ of water) at a specific temperature to form a saturated solution. b) State two factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid. • Temperature • Nature of the solute and solvent c) Describe the procedure you would follow to find the mass of salt that dissolves in 100 cm³ of water at the given temperature. Step 1: Measure 100 cm³ of water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a beaker. Step 2: Add salt gradually to the water while stirring continuously at the given temperature. Step 3: Continue adding salt until no more dissolves and a small amount of undissolved salt remains at the bottom, indicating a saturated solution. Step 4: Filter the mixture to separate the undissolved salt. Wash the undissolved salt with a small amount of distilled water and dry it completely. Step 5: Weigh the dried undissolved salt. Subtract this mass from the total mass of salt initially added to determine the mass of salt that dissolved. d) How would you know that the solution is saturated? The solution is saturated when no more salt can dissolve in the water at that temperature, and any additional salt added will remain as undissolved solid at the bottom of the container. e) Give one use of the information obtained from this experiment. The information can be used to compare the solubility of different substances or to prepare solutions of specific concentrations.

Identify laboratory apparatus and explain the concept of solubility and factors affecting it.

Step-by-step solution

Measure 100 cm³ of water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a beaker.

Add salt gradually to the water while stirring continuously at the given temperature.

Continue adding salt until no more dissolves and a small amount of undissolved salt remains at the bottom, indicating a saturated solution.

Filter the mixture to separate the undissolved salt.

Weigh the dried undissolved salt.

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