This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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You're on a roll — here are the explanations for Item 5 and Item 6: ITEM 5 Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, how it changes, and the energy involved in these changes. It helps us understand the composition of everything around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat and the materials we use daily. It is studied in school to provide a fundamental understanding of the natural world, develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and serve as a foundation for many other scientific and technical fields. After studying chemistry, one can pursue various careers such as a pharmacist (developing and dispensing medicines), chemical engineer (designing processes for chemical production), forensic scientist (analyzing evidence in crime scenes), doctor (understanding biological processes and drug interactions), research scientist (discovering new materials or processes), or a quality control chemist (ensuring product standards). For cleaning your new home, chemistry is essential. Soaps and detergents are chemical compounds that help remove grease and dirt by emulsifying them. Disinfectants like bleach (sodium hypochlorite) or alcohol-based cleaners kill germs through chemical reactions. Acids like vinegar (acetic acid) can dissolve mineral deposits, while bases like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) can neutralize odors and cut through grease. Other products made using chemistry knowledge for your new home include paints (polymers and pigments), adhesives (polymers that bond surfaces), plastics (for furniture, containers, and insulation), and various fabrics (synthetic polymers like nylon or polyester). ITEM 6 Here are the changes that would have occurred in the processes observed by the Mzungu: Lighting a stove using waste book papers: This is a combustion* reaction, which is a chemical change. The cellulose in the paper reacts rapidly with oxygen from the air, producing heat, light, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor, leaving behind ash. The chemical bonds in the paper are broken, and new bonds are formed to create different substances. Water boiling: This is a physical change*, not a chemical one. Liquid water changes its state to gaseous water (steam) due to the absorption of heat energy. The chemical composition of water, H_2O, remains the same; only the arrangement and energy of the water molecules change. Tomato rotting: This is a chemical decomposition* process. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down the complex organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) in the tomato into simpler substances. This leads to noticeable changes in color, texture, smell, and taste, indicating new chemical compounds have been formed. Knife rusting: This is a chemical change known as oxidation* or corrosion. The iron metal in the knife reacts with oxygen and water present in the air to form hydrated iron(III) oxide, commonly known as rust (Fe_2O_3 · nH_2O). This process changes the shiny, strong metal into a brittle, reddish-brown substance with different chemical properties. Drop the next question! 📸