This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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a) Step 1: Calculate the moles of glucose needed. Molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solution. Moles = M × V Moles = 0.4 \, molL × 0.250 \, L Moles = 0.1 \, mol Step 2: Calculate the mass of glucose in grams. Mass = Moles × MW Mass = 0.1 \, mol × 180.16 \, gmol Mass = 18.016 \, g The mass of glucose needed is 18.016 g. b) Step 1: Calculate the moles of glucose (solute). Moles of glucose = Mass of glucoseMW of glucose Moles of glucose = 45 \, g180 \, gmol Moles of glucose = 0.25 \, mol Step 2: Convert the mass of water (solvent) to kilograms. Mass of water = 500 \, g = 0.500 \, kg Step 3: Calculate the molality (m). Molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. m = Moles of soluteMass of solvent (kg) m = 0.25 \, mol0.500 \, kg m = 0.5 \, molkg The molality of the solution is 0.5 mol/kg. c) Step 1: Calculate the infant dose using Fried's Rule. Fried's Rule: Infant Dose = Age in months150 × Adult Dose Infant Dose = 10 \, months150 × 200 \, mg Infant Dose = (1)/(15) × 200 \, mg Infant Dose = 13.33 \, mg Step 2: Calculate the volume of suspension to administer. The suspension concentration is 125 mg/5 mL. Volume = Infant DoseConcentration Volume = 13.33 \, mg125 \, mg5 \, mL Volume = 13.33 \, mg125 \, mg × 5 \, mL Volume = 0.10664 × 5 \, mL Volume = 0.5332 \, mL The dose to be administered is 0.5332 mL. d) Step 1: Convert the volume of solution to liters. Volume of solution = 2,000 \, mL = 2 \, L Step 2: Calculate the concentration in parts per million (ppm). For dilute aqueous solutions, ppm can be calculated as mg of solute per liter of solution. ppm = Mass of lead (mg)Volume of solution (L) ppm = 0.8 \, mg2 \, L ppm = 0.4 \, ppm The concentration in ppm is 0.4 ppm. e) Step 1: Use alligation to find the ratio of the two ointments. We want to prepare 12% zinc oxide ointment using 8% and 15% ointments. Draw the alligation grid: ` 15% (Higher) | 4 parts (12 - 8) of 15% ointment | 12% (Target) | 8% (Lower) | 3 parts (15 - 12) of 8% ointment ` The ratio of 15% ointment to 8% ointment is 4:3. Total parts = 4 + 3 = 7 parts. Step 2: Calculate the amount of 15% zinc oxide ointment needed. Amount of 15% ointment = 4 \, parts7 \, parts × 250 \, g Amount of 15% ointment = (4)/(7) × 250 \, g Amount of 15% ointment ≈ 142.86 \, g Step 3: Calculate the amount of 8% zinc oxide ointment needed. Amount of 8% ointment = 3 \, parts7 \, parts × 250 \, g Amount of 8% ointment = (3)/(7) × 250 \, g Amount of 8% ointment ≈ 107.14 \, g To prepare 250g of 12% zinc oxide ointment, you need 142.86 g of 15% zinc oxide ointment and 107.14 g of 8% zinc oxide ointment.