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Calculate the molar mass of a gas given its pressure, temperature, and density. Also, calculate the volume of helium in liters.

Chemistry

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Answer

32.8 g/mol\text{32.8 g/mol}

33300 g\text{33300 g}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps
  1. Identify the given values for .

    We are given:
    Pressure (PP) = 1.34 atm
    Temperature (TT) = 303 K
    Density (ρ\rho) = 1.77 g/L
    Gas constant (RR) = 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K)

  2. Use the ideal gas law rearranged for molar mass.

    The ideal gas law is PV=nRTPV = nRT.
    We know that the number of moles n=mMn = \frac{m}{M}, where mm is mass and MM is molar mass.
    Substituting nn into the ideal gas law: PV=mMRTPV = \frac{m}{M}RT.
    Rearranging for density (ρ=mV\rho = \frac{m}{V}): P=mVRTM  ⟹  P=ρRTMP = \frac{m}{V} \frac{RT}{M} \implies P = \rho \frac{RT}{M}.
    Solving for molar mass (MM):

    M=ρRTPM = \frac{\rho RT}{P}
  3. Substitute the values and calculate the molar mass.

    M=(1.77 g/L)×(0.08206 L⋅atm/(mol⋅K))×(303 K)1.34 atmM = \frac{(1.77 \text{ g/L}) \times (0.08206 \text{ L} \cdot \text{atm}/(\text{mol} \cdot \text{K})) \times (303 \text{ K})}{1.34 \text{ atm}} M=44.0049666 g⋅atm/mol1.34 atmM = \frac{44.0049666 \text{ g} \cdot \text{atm}/\text{mol}}{1.34 \text{ atm}} M=32.8395273 g/molM = 32.8395273 \text{ g/mol}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    M=32.8 g/molM = 32.8 \text{ g/mol}

    The molar mass of the gas is 32.8 g/mol\boxed{\text{32.8 g/mol}}.

  4. Identify the given values and convert units for .

    We are given:
    Volume (VV) = 7240 ft3^3
    Pressure (PP) = 745 torr
    Temperature (TT) = 21 °C
    Conversion: 1 ft3^3 = 28.3 L
    Gas: Helium (He)
    Molar mass of Helium (MHeM_{He}) = 4.00 g/mol
    Gas constant (RR) = 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K)

    Convert volume from ft3^3 to L:

    V=7240 ft3×28.3 L1 ft3=204772 LV = 7240 \text{ ft}^3 \times \frac{28.3 \text{ L}}{1 \text{ ft}^3} = 204772 \text{ L}

    Convert pressure from torr to atm:

    P=745 torr×1 atm760 torr=0.980263 atmP = 745 \text{ torr} \times \frac{1 \text{ atm}}{760 \text{ torr}} = 0.980263 \text{ atm}

    Convert temperature from °C to K:

    T=21∘C+273.15=294.15 KT = 21^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 = 294.15 \text{ K}
  5. Use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles (nn).

    The ideal gas law is PV=nRTPV = nRT.
    Solving for nn:

    n=PVRTn = \frac{PV}{RT} n=(0.980263 atm)×(204772 L)(0.08206 L⋅atm/(mol⋅K))×(294.15 K)n = \frac{(0.980263 \text{ atm}) \times (204772 \text{ L})}{(0.08206 \text{ L} \cdot \text{atm}/(\text{mol} \cdot \text{K})) \times (294.15 \text{ K})} n=200730.07 L⋅atm24.139 L⋅atm/moln = \frac{200730.07 \text{ L} \cdot \text{atm}}{24.139 \text{ L} \cdot \text{atm}/\text{mol}} n=8315.6 moln = 8315.6 \text{ mol}
  6. Convert moles of helium to grams of helium.

    Mass (mm) = number of moles (nn) ×\times molar mass (MHeM_{He})

    m=8315.6 mol×4.00 g/molm = 8315.6 \text{ mol} \times 4.00 \text{ g/mol} m=33262.4 gm = 33262.4 \text{ g}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    m=33300 gm = 33300 \text{ g}

    The mass of helium required is 33300 g\boxed{\text{33300 g}}.

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