Q6. Identify the common ions from the following compounds and write the balance chemical equations to show how its compound has formed.

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Q6. Identify the common ions from the following compounds and write the balance chemical equations to show how its compound has formed.

• a. $\text{NO}_3^{-}$

  • Ion: Nitrate ion
  • Compound formation: The nitrate ion combines with a cation, such as sodium, to form an ionic compound. $$\text{Na}^{+} (\text{aq}) + \text{NO}_3^{-} (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{NaNO}_3 (\text{s})$$ The compound formed is sodium nitrate.

• b. $\text{H}_3\text{O}^{+}$

  • Ion: Hydronium ion
  • Compound formation: The hydronium ion is typically formed when an acid donates a proton to water. $$\text{HCl} (\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (\text{l}) \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{O}^{+} (\text{aq}) + \text{Cl}^{-} (\text{aq})$$ The hydronium ion is formed in this acid-base reaction.

• c. $\text{S}(\text{CH}_3)_3$

  • Ion: Trimethylsulfonium ion ($\text{S}(\text{CH}_3)_3^{+}$). The given formula is likely missing the positive charge.
  • Compound formation: The trimethylsulfonium ion combines with an anion, such as chloride, to form an ionic compound. $$\text{S}(\text{CH}_3)_3^{+} (\text{aq}) + \text{Cl}^{-} (\text{aq}) \rightarrow [\text{S}(\text{CH}_3)_3]\text{Cl} (\text{s})$$ The compound formed is trimethylsulfonium chloride.

• d. $\text{H}_2\text{COH}_2$

  • Compound: This formula represents methanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$), which is a molecular compound. It does not contain common ions in the same way ionic compounds do.
  • Ion formation from compound: Methanol can react with a strong base (like sodium hydride) to form the methoxide ion ($\text{CH}_3\text{O}^{-}$) as part of an ionic compound. $$\text{CH}_3\text{OH} (\text{l}) + \text{NaH} (\text{s}) \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{ONa} (\text{s}) + \text{H}_2 (\text{g})$$ The compound formed is sodium methoxide.

• e. $\text{H}_3\text{COH}$

  • Compound: This formula also represents methanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$), which is a molecular compound. It is identical to option d.
  • Ion formation from compound: Methanol can react with a strong base (like sodium hydride) to form the methoxide ion ($\text{CH}_3\text{O}^{-}$) as part of an ionic compound. $$\text{CH}_3\text{OH} (\text{l}) + \text{NaH} (\text{s}) \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{ONa} (\text{s}) + \text{H}_2 (\text{g})$$ The compound formed is sodium methoxide.

• f. $\text{NH}_4^{+}$

  • Ion: Ammonium ion
  • Compound formation: The ammonium ion combines with an anion, such as chloride, to form an ionic compound. $$\text{NH}_4^{+} (\text{aq}) + \text{Cl}^{-} (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} (\text{s})$$ The compound formed is ammonium chloride.

Carbon Allotropes Table

Here are the carbon allotropes corresponding to the descriptions:

| Carbon Allotropes | Description