This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here is the completed table for question 22: a) Copper(II) Chloride Identification of cation (Cu²⁺): Test: Add aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Observation: A blue precipitate forms, which is insoluble in excess NaOH. Identification of anion (Cl⁻): Test: Add dilute nitric acid (HNO₃) followed by aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO₃). Observation: A white precipitate forms, which is soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia. b) Iron(II) sulphate Identification of cation (Fe²⁺): Test: Add aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Observation: A green precipitate forms, which is insoluble in excess NaOH. Identification of anion (SO₄²⁻): Test: Add dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed by aqueous barium chloride (BaCl₂). Observation: A white precipitate forms, which is insoluble in excess dilute HCl. c) Iron(III) bromide Identification of cation (Fe³⁺): Test: Add aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Observation: A reddish-brown precipitate forms, which is insoluble in excess NaOH. Identification of anion (Br⁻): Test: Add dilute nitric acid (HNO₃) followed by aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO₃). Observation: A cream precipitate forms, which is sparingly soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia. d) Ammonium hydroxide Identification of cation (NH₄⁺): Test: Add aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and warm gently. Observation: A pungent gas is evolved, which turns damp red litmus paper blue. Identification of anion (OH⁻): Test: Test the solution with red litmus paper. Observation: The red litmus paper turns blue. e) Sodium carbonate Identification of cation (Na⁺): Test: Perform a flame test. Observation: A golden yellow flame is observed. Identification of anion (CO₃²⁻): Test: Add dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). Observation: Effervescence occurs, and the gas produced turns limewater milky. Drop the next question.