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Chemistry

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Step-by-step solution

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Titration of 25.0 cm325.0\text{ cm}^3 of solution A with 0.100 mol/dm30.100\text{ mol/dm}^3 hydrochloric acid.

  1. Record the burette readings and calculate the average volume of HCl used.

    Titration1st2nd3rd
    Final reading24.50 cm324.50\text{ cm}^348.20 cm348.20\text{ cm}^347.00 cm347.00\text{ cm}^3
    Initial reading0.00 cm30.00\text{ cm}^324.50 cm324.50\text{ cm}^348.20 cm348.20\text{ cm}^3
    Volume used24.50 cm324.50\text{ cm}^323.70 cm323.70\text{ cm}^318.80 cm318.80\text{ cm}^3

    The consistent readings are 23.70 cm323.70\text{ cm}^3 and 18.80 cm318.80\text{ cm}^3.
    Average volume of HCl used = (23.70 cm3+18.80 cm3)/2(23.70\text{ cm}^3 + 18.80\text{ cm}^3) / 2
    Average volume of HCl used = 42.50 cm3/242.50\text{ cm}^3 / 2
    Average volume of HCl used = 21.25 cm321.25\text{ cm}^3

  2. Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) used.

    Formula: Moles = Concentration × Volume (in dm³)
    Volume of HCl = 21.25 cm3=21.25/1000 dm3=0.02125 dm321.25\text{ cm}^3 = 21.25 / 1000\text{ dm}^3 = 0.02125\text{ dm}^3
    Concentration of HCl = 0.100 mol/dm30.100\text{ mol/dm}^3

    Moles of HCl = 0.100 mol/dm3×0.02125 dm30.100\text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 0.02125\text{ dm}^3
    Moles of HCl = 0.002125 mol0.002125\text{ mol}

  3. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

    Assuming solution A is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3), the reaction with hydrochloric acid is:
    Na2CO3(aq)+2HCl(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} + 2\text{HCl(aq)} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} + \text{CO}_2\text{(g)}

  4. Calculate the number of moles of solution A in 25.0 cm325.0\text{ cm}^3.

    From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 to HCl is 1:2.
    Moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = Moles of HCl / 2

    Moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.002125 mol/20.002125\text{ mol} / 2
    Moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0010625 mol0.0010625\text{ mol}

  5. Calculate the concentration of solution A in mol/dm3\text{mol/dm}^3.

    Formula: Concentration = Moles / Volume (in dm³)
    Volume of solution A = 25.0 cm3=25.0/1000 dm3=0.0250 dm325.0\text{ cm}^3 = 25.0 / 1000\text{ dm}^3 = 0.0250\text{ dm}^3

    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0010625 mol/0.0250 dm30.0010625\text{ mol} / 0.0250\text{ dm}^3
    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0425 mol/dm30.0425\text{ mol/dm}^3

  6. Calculate the concentration of solution A in g/dm3\text{g/dm}^3.

    First, calculate the molar mass of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3:
    Molar mass of Na2CO3=(2×Na)+(1×C)+(3×O)\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = (2 \times \text{Na}) + (1 \times \text{C}) + (3 \times \text{O})
    Molar mass of Na2CO3=(2×22.99)+12.01+(3×16.00)\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = (2 \times 22.99) + 12.01 + (3 \times 16.00)
    Molar mass of Na2CO3=45.98+12.01+48.00=105.99 g/mol\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 45.98 + 12.01 + 48.00 = 105.99\text{ g/mol}

    Formula: Concentration (g/dm³) = Concentration (mol/dm³) × Molar mass
    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0425 mol/dm3×105.99 g/mol0.0425\text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 105.99\text{ g/mol}
    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 4.50 g/dm34.50\text{ g/dm}^3 (to 3 significant figures)

  7. Calculate the percentage purity of sample A.

    The original concentration of sample A was 5.00 g/dm35.00\text{ g/dm}^3.
    Percentage purity = (Concentration of pure Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 in g/dm³ / Original concentration of sample A in g/dm³) × 100%

    Percentage purity = (4.50 g/dm3/5.00 g/dm3)×100%(4.50\text{ g/dm}^3 / 5.00\text{ g/dm}^3) \times 100\%
    Percentage purity = 0.900×100%0.900 \times 100\%
    Percentage purity = 90.0%90.0\%

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