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My apologies, Ruddy. I missed those. Let's get them solved.

Titration of 25.0 cm325.0\text{ cm}^3 of solution A with 0.100 mol/dm30.100\text{ mol/dm}^3 hydrochloric acid.

  1. Record the burette readings.

    Titration1st2nd3rd
    Final reading24.5048.2047.00
    Initial reading0.0024.5048.20
    Volume used24.5023.7018.80
  2. Choose consistent readings.

    The consistent readings are 23.70 cm323.70\text{ cm}^3 and 18.80 cm318.80\text{ cm}^3. The average volume of hydrochloric acid used is (23.70+18.80)/2=21.25 cm3(23.70 + 18.80) / 2 = 21.25\text{ cm}^3.

  3. Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

    Formula: moles = concentration × volume (in dm³)
    Volume of HCl = 21.25 cm3=0.02125 dm321.25\text{ cm}^3 = 0.02125\text{ dm}^3
    Concentration of HCl = 0.100 mol/dm30.100\text{ mol/dm}^3
    Moles of HCl = 0.100 mol/dm3×0.02125 dm3=0.002125 mol0.100\text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 0.02125\text{ dm}^3 = 0.002125\text{ mol}

  4. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between solution A and hydrochloric acid.

    Assuming solution A is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3):
    Na2CO3(aq)+2HCl(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} + 2\text{HCl(aq)} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} + \text{CO}_2\text{(g)}

  5. Calculate the number of moles of solution A in 25.0 cm325.0\text{ cm}^3.

    From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 to HCl is 1:2.
    Moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = (Moles of HCl) / 2
    Moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.002125 mol/2=0.0010625 mol0.002125\text{ mol} / 2 = 0.0010625\text{ mol}

  6. Calculate the concentration of solution A in mol/dm3\text{mol/dm}^3.

    Concentration = moles / volume (in dm³)
    Volume of solution A = 25.0 cm3=0.0250 dm325.0\text{ cm}^3 = 0.0250\text{ dm}^3
    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0010625 mol/0.0250 dm3=0.0425 mol/dm30.0010625\text{ mol} / 0.0250\text{ dm}^3 = 0.0425\text{ mol/dm}^3

  7. Calculate the concentration of solution A in g/dm³ (assuming solution A is sodium carbonate).

    Molar mass of Na2CO3=(2×22.99)+12.01+(3×16.00)=45.98+12.01+48.00=105.99 g/mol\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = (2 \times 22.99) + 12.01 + (3 \times 16.00) = 45.98 + 12.01 + 48.00 = 105.99\text{ g/mol}
    Concentration in g/dm³ = concentration in mol/dm³ × molar mass
    Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0425 mol/dm3×105.99 g/mol=4.50 g/dm30.0425\text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 105.99\text{ g/mol} = 4.50\text{ g/dm}^3 (to 3 significant figures)

  8. Calculate the percentage purity of sample A.

    Percentage purity = (Concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 in g/dm³ / Original concentration of sample A in g/dm³) × 100%
    Percentage purity = (4.50 g/dm3/5.00 g/dm3)×100%=90.0%(4.50\text{ g/dm}^3 / 5.00\text{ g/dm}^3) \times 100\% = 90.0\%

    The concentration of solution A is 0.0425 mol/dm30.0425\text{ mol/dm}^3 or 4.50 g/dm34.50\text{ g/dm}^3.
    The percentage purity of sample A is 90.0%90.0\%.

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