Define solvent, solute, and solution. State the difference between luminous and non-luminous flames, and give a use for the latter. Explain four first aid steps for accidental chemical ingestion.

15.a) Define the following terms: i) Solvent: The solvent is the substance, typically a liquid, that dissolves another substance (the solute) to form a solution. It is usually present in the largest quantity. ii) Solute: The solute is the substance that gets dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. It is usually present in a smaller quantity than the solvent. iii) Solution: A solution is a homogeneous mixture formed when a solute is uniformly dispersed in a solvent. 16.a) State the difference between a luminous flame and a non-luminous flame. A luminous flame is yellow, produces soot, and is cooler due to incomplete combustion. A non-luminous flame is blue, clean, and hotter due to complete combustion. b) Give one use of a non-luminous flame. A non-luminous flame is used for heating substances in laboratories. 17.a) Explain four first aid steps to follow when someone accidentally swallows harmful chemicals. Step 1: Do not induce vomiting unless specifically advised by a medical professional or poison control center. Step 2: Immediately call for emergency medical help or a poison control center, providing details about the chemical ingested. Step 3: Rinse the person's mouth thoroughly with water, ensuring they do not swallow the rinse water. Step 4: Identify the chemical by checking its container or label, as this information is vital for appropriate medical treatment. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.