The correct option is 'Hydration' which is lettered E. Therefore, answer space E would be shaded as shown…

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The correct option is 'Hydration' which is lettered E. Therefore, answer space E would be shaded as shown below:

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1. The electronic configuration of magnesium ion is: Step 1: Determine the atomic number of magnesium (Mg), which is 12. Its neutral electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s². Step 2: Magnesium typically forms a Mg²⁺ ion by losing its two outermost electrons from the 3s orbital. Step 3: The electronic configuration of Mg²⁺ will therefore be 1s² 2s² 2p⁶. The correct option is C. C. 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 2. The process whereby carbon atoms combine with one another to form long chains is: Step 1: This property describes the unique ability of carbon atoms to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to the formation of long chains, branched structures, and rings. Step 2: This specific self-linking property of carbon is known as catenation. The correct option is B. B. catenation 3. The existence of an element in two or more forms in the same physical state is: Step 1: This phenomenon describes when an element can exist in different structural forms within the same physical state (e.g., solid). These different forms are called allotropes. Step 2: The term for this property is allotropy. For example, carbon exists as diamond and graphite, both solids. The correct option is A. A. allotropy 4. Graphite is a good lubricant because of its: Step 1: Graphite has a layered structure where carbon atoms are strongly bonded within each layer, but the forces between the layers are very weak (van der Waals forces). Step 2: These weak forces allow the layers to slide past each other easily, which gives graphite its soft nature and makes it an effective lubricant. The correct option is E. E. soft nature

The correct option is 'Hydration' which is lettered E. Therefore, answer space E would be shaded as shown below:

Answer

Step-by-step solution

Determine the atomic number of magnesium (Mg), which is 12.

Magnesium typically forms a $Mg^{2+}$ ion by losing its two outermost electrons from the $3s$ orbital.

The electronic configuration of $Mg^{2+}$ will therefore be $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$ .

This property describes the unique ability of carbon atoms to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to the formation of long chains, branched structures, and rings.

This specific self-linking property of carbon is known as catenation.

This phenomenon describes when an element can exist in different structural forms within the same physical state (e.g., solid).

The term for this property is allotropy.

Graphite has a layered structure where carbon atoms are strongly bonded within each layer, but the forces between the layers are very weak (van der Waals forces).

These weak forces allow the layers to slide past each other easily, which gives graphite its soft nature and makes it an effective lubricant.

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The correct option is 'Hydration' which is lettered E. Therefore, answer space E would be shaded as shown below:

Answer

Step-by-step solution

Determine the atomic number of magnesium (Mg), which is 12.

Magnesium typically forms a Mg2+Mg^{2+}Mg2+ ion by losing its two outermost electrons from the 3s3s3s orbital.

The electronic configuration of Mg2+Mg^{2+}Mg2+ will therefore be 1s22s22p61s^2 2s^2 2p^61s22s22p6.

This property describes the unique ability of carbon atoms to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to the formation of long chains, branched structures, and rings.

This specific self-linking property of carbon is known as catenation.

This phenomenon describes when an element can exist in different structural forms within the same physical state (e.g., solid).

The term for this property is allotropy.

Graphite has a layered structure where carbon atoms are strongly bonded within each layer, but the forces between the layers are very weak (van der Waals forces).

These weak forces allow the layers to slide past each other easily, which gives graphite its soft nature and makes it an effective lubricant.

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Magnesium typically forms a $Mg^{2+}$ ion by losing its two outermost electrons from the $3s$ orbital.

The electronic configuration of $Mg^{2+}$ will therefore be $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$ .