This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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To find the structural isomer of 2-Methylprop-1-ene, we first need to determine its molecular formula. Step 1: Determine the molecular formula of 2-Methylprop-1-ene. The name "prop-1-ene" indicates a 3-carbon chain with a double bond between the first and second carbons. The "2-methyl" indicates a methyl group (CH_3) attached to the second carbon. The structure is: CH_2=C(CH_3)-CH_3 Counting the carbons: There are 3 carbons in the main chain and 1 carbon in the methyl group, totaling 4 carbons. Counting the hydrogens: • The first carbon (CH_2) has 2 hydrogens. • The second carbon (C) is bonded to the first carbon (double bond), the third carbon (single bond), and the methyl group (single bond). It has no hydrogens. • The third carbon (CH_3) has 3 hydrogens. • The methyl group (CH_3) has 3 hydrogens. Total hydrogens = 2 + 0 + 3 + 3 = 8. So, the molecular formula of 2-Methylprop-1-ene is C_4H_8. Step 2: Determine the molecular formula for each option. A) but-1-yne "But-1-yne" indicates a 4-carbon chain with a triple bond at the first carbon. Alkynes have the general formula C_nH_2n-2. For n=4, the formula is C_4H_2(4)-2 = C_4H_6. This is not C_4H_8. B) 2-methylbut-1-ene "But-1-ene" indicates a 4-carbon chain with a double bond at the first carbon. "2-methyl" indicates a methyl group at the second carbon. The structure is: CH_2=C(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3 Counting carbons: 4 carbons in the main chain + 1 carbon in the methyl group = 5 carbons. Alkenes have the general formula C_nH_2n. For n=5, the formula is C_5H_10. This is not C_4H_8. C) 3-methylprop-1-yne "Prop-1-yne" indicates a 3-carbon chain with a triple bond at the first carbon. "3-methyl" indicates a methyl group at the third carbon. The structure would be: CH-CH(CH_3)-CH_3 This molecule has a longest chain of 4 carbons containing the triple bond, making it 3-methylbut-1-yne. It is an alkyne with 4 carbons, so its molecular formula is C_4H_2(4)-2 = C_4H_6. This is not C_4H_8. D) but-2-ene "But-2-ene" indicates a 4-carbon chain with a double bond at the second carbon. The structure is: CH_3-CH=CH-CH_3 Counting carbons: 4 carbons. Counting hydrogens: 3 + 1 + 1 + 3 = 8 hydrogens. So, the molecular formula of but-2-ene is C_4H_8. Step 3: Compare molecular formulas. Both 2-Methylprop-1-ene and but-2-ene have the molecular formula C_4H_8. Since they have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements (one is branched, the other is a straight chain), they are structural isomers. The final answer is D