What is the time scale of NMR and how does it relate to molecular processes and observed spectra?

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v) Time scale of NMR
The time scale of NMR refers to the rate at which molecular processes, such as conformational changes or chemical exchange (e.g., proton exchange), occur relative to the NMR experiment's observation window. If a process is fast on the NMR timescale (i.e., faster than the frequency difference between the signals of the exchanging nuclei), the NMR spectrum will show an averaged signal. If the process is slow, distinct signals for each state will be observed. Intermediate rates lead to broadened signals. This phenomenon allows NMR to study dynamic processes in molecules.