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Chemistry

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To determine if magnesium will displace aluminum ions, we need to calculate the standard cell potential (Ecell∘E^\circ_{cell}) for the reaction. A positive Ecell∘E^\circ_{cell} indicates a spontaneous reaction.

  1. Identify the half-reactions and their standard potentials.

    The given standard reduction potentials are:
    For magnesium: Mg2+(aq)+2e−⟶Mg(s)Mg^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \longrightarrow Mg(s), Ered∘=−2.375 VE^\circ_{red} = -2.375\,V
    For aluminum: Al3+(aq)+3e−⟶Al(s)Al^{3+}(aq) + 3e^- \longrightarrow Al(s), Ered∘=−1.660 VE^\circ_{red} = -1.660\,V

  2. Determine the oxidation and reduction processes.

    For magnesium to displace aluminum ions, magnesium metal (Mg(s)Mg(s)) must be oxidized, and aluminum ions (Al3+(aq)Al^{3+}(aq)) must be reduced.
    The oxidation half-reaction for magnesium is the reverse of its reduction:
    Mg(s)⟶Mg2+(aq)+2e−Mg(s) \longrightarrow Mg^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-
    The standard oxidation potential (Eox∘E^\circ_{ox}) is the negative of the standard reduction potential:
    Eox∘(Mg)=−(−2.375 V)=+2.375 VE^\circ_{ox}(Mg) = -(-2.375\,V) = +2.375\,V
    The reduction half-reaction for aluminum ions is already given:
    Al3+(aq)+3e−⟶Al(s)Al^{3+}(aq) + 3e^- \longrightarrow Al(s), Ered∘(Al)=−1.660 VE^\circ_{red}(Al) = -1.660\,V

  3. Calculate the standard cell potential (Ecell∘E^\circ_{cell}).

    The standard cell potential is the sum of the standard oxidation potential and the standard reduction potential:

    Ecell∘=Eox∘(Mg)+Ered∘(Al)E^\circ_{cell} = E^\circ_{ox}(Mg) + E^\circ_{red}(Al) Ecell∘=(+2.375 V)+(−1.660 V)E^\circ_{cell} = (+2.375\,V) + (-1.660\,V) Ecell∘=2.375 V−1.660 VE^\circ_{cell} = 2.375\,V - 1.660\,V Ecell∘=+0.715 VE^\circ_{cell} = +0.715\,V
  4. Conclude based on the standard cell potential.

    Since the standard cell potential (Ecell∘E^\circ_{cell}) is positive (+0.715 V+0.715\,V), the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. This means magnesium will displace aluminum ions from the solution.

    The overall balanced reaction is:

    3Mg(s)+2Al3+(aq)⟶3Mg2+(aq)+2Al(s)3Mg(s) + 2Al^{3+}(aq) \longrightarrow 3Mg^{2+}(aq) + 2Al(s)

    Magnesium will displace aluminum ions from the solution.
    Yes, Magnesium will displace Aluminum ions.\boxed{\text{Yes, Magnesium will displace Aluminum ions.}}

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