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4 stepsTo determine if magnesium will displace aluminum ions, we need to calculate the standard cell potential () for the reaction. A positive indicates a spontaneous reaction.
Identify the half-reactions and their standard potentials.
The given standard reduction potentials are:
For magnesium: ,
For aluminum: ,Determine the oxidation and reduction processes.
For magnesium to displace aluminum ions, magnesium metal () must be oxidized, and aluminum ions () must be reduced.
The oxidation half-reaction for magnesium is the reverse of its reduction:
The standard oxidation potential () is the negative of the standard reduction potential:
The reduction half-reaction for aluminum ions is already given:
,Calculate the standard cell potential ().
The standard cell potential is the sum of the standard oxidation potential and the standard reduction potential:
Conclude based on the standard cell potential.
Since the standard cell potential () is positive (), the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. This means magnesium will displace aluminum ions from the solution.
The overall balanced reaction is:
Magnesium will displace aluminum ions from the solution.
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