This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the answers to the questions from the image: 3. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow. Based on the diagram, there are 10 electrons shown in the shells. For a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. The nucleus contains a total of 23 particles (protons and neutrons). 3.1. For the atom above, write the following. 3.1.1 Number of protons: 10 3.1.2 Number of electrons: 10 3.1.3 Number of neutrons: To find the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the total number of particles in the nucleus. Number of neutrons = Total particles in nucleus - Number of protons Number of neutrons = 23 - 10 = 13 13 3.1.4 Number of total particles in the nucleus: 23 3.2 Explain why this atom is considered neutral. An atom is considered neutral because it has an equal number of positively charged protons in its nucleus and negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. These opposite charges cancel each other out, resulting in a net charge of zero. EXERCISE 4.3 Pure substances - elements and compounds QUESTION 1 Basic 1.1 Define each term 1.1.1 Pure substance: A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and distinct properties. It consists of only one type of atom or molecule. 1.1.2 Diatomic element: A diatomic element is an element whose stable form consists of molecules made up of two atoms of that element chemically bonded together. 1.1.3 Compound: A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. 1.1.4 Electrolysis: Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, typically to decompose a compound into its constituent elements. 1.1.5 Molecule of a compound: A molecule of a compound is a particle consisting of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together. 1.1.6 Molecule of an element: A molecule of an element is a particle consisting of two or more identical atoms chemically bonded together. 1.2 Write the name and formula for any THREE diatomic elements. Hydrogen (H_2) Oxygen (O_2) Nitrogen (N_2) QUESTION 2 Basic Complete the sentences by filling in the missing words. 2.1 The type of chemical reaction used to break up a compound is called a decomposition reaction. 2.2 When potassium permanganate is heated, oxygen gas forms. 2.3 A pure substance has a specific melting point and boiling point. 2.4 The atoms in a compound always combine in a fixed ratio. 2.5 The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 2:1. 2.6 A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together. 2.7 Electrolysis decomposes water to form hydrogen and oxygen. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.