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Determine the voltage of the electrochemical cell. Zn(s) + 2e- -> Zn E°= -0.76 V, Ni2+ (aq) + 2e- -> Ni E°= -0.25 V. State what would be observed when ethanoic acid reacts with CaCO3. Calculate the volume of oxygen required to burn completely 4 moles of C3H8 at s.t.p.

Chemistry

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2 parts
a

0.51 V\text{0.51 V}

c

448 dm3\text{448 dm}^3

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here are the answers to the questions:

Part a· 3 steps

Determine the voltage of the electrochemical cell.

Given half-reactions:
Zn2+(aq)+2e−⟶Zn(s)E∘=−0.76 V\text{Zn}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \longrightarrow \text{Zn}(s) \quad E^\circ = -0.76 \text{ V}
Ni2+(aq)+2e−⟶Ni(s)E∘=−0.25 V\text{Ni}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \longrightarrow \text{Ni}(s) \quad E^\circ = -0.25 \text{ V}

  1. Identify the anode (oxidation) and cathode (reduction).

    The species with the more negative standard reduction potential will be oxidized. In this case, Zn\text{Zn} has a more negative E∘E^\circ (−0.76 V-0.76 \text{ V}) compared to Ni\text{Ni} (−0.25 V-0.25 \text{ V}).
    Therefore, Zn\text{Zn} will be oxidized (anode) and Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+} will be reduced (cathode).

  2. Write the half-reactions for the cell.

    Anode (oxidation): Zn(s)⟶Zn2+(aq)+2e−Eox∘=+0.76 V\text{Zn}(s) \longrightarrow \text{Zn}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \quad E^\circ_{ox} = +0.76 \text{ V}
    Cathode (reduction): Ni2+(aq)+2e−⟶Ni(s)Ered∘=−0.25 V\text{Ni}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \longrightarrow \text{Ni}(s) \quad E^\circ_{red} = -0.25 \text{ V}

  3. Calculate the standard cell voltage (Ecell∘E^\circ_{cell}).

    Ecell∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ_{cell} = E^\circ_{cathode} - E^\circ_{anode} Ecell∘=(−0.25 V)−(−0.76 V)E^\circ_{cell} = (-0.25 \text{ V}) - (-0.76 \text{ V}) Ecell∘=−0.25 V+0.76 VE^\circ_{cell} = -0.25 \text{ V} + 0.76 \text{ V} Ecell∘=0.51 VE^\circ_{cell} = 0.51 \text{ V}

    The voltage of the electrochemical cell is 0.51 V\boxed{\text{0.51 V}}.

Part b

State what would be observed when ethanoic acid reacts with CaCO3\text{CaCO}_3.

When ethanoic acid (an acid) reacts with calcium carbonate (a carbonate), carbon dioxide gas is produced.
The observation would be the effervescence or fizzing of a colourless gas.

Part c

448 dm3\text{448 dm}^3

Calculate the volume of oxygen required to burn completely 4 moles4 \text{ moles} of C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8 at s.t.p.

(H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 dm322.4 \text{ dm}^3 at s.t.p.)

  1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane (C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8).

    C3H8(g)+5O2(g)⟶3CO2(g)+4H2O(l)\text{C}_3\text{H}_8(g) + 5\text{O}_2(g) \longrightarrow 3\text{CO}_2(g) + 4\text{H}_2\text{O}(l)
  2. Determine the mole ratio between C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8 and O2\text{O}_2.

    From the balanced equation, 1 mole1 \text{ mole} of C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8 reacts with 5 moles5 \text{ moles} of O2\text{O}_2.

  3. Calculate the moles of O2\text{O}_2 required for 4 moles4 \text{ moles} of C3H8\text{C}_3\text{H}_8.

    Moles of O2=4 mol C3H8×5 mol O21 mol C3H8=20 mol O2\text{Moles of O}_2 = 4 \text{ mol C}_3\text{H}_8 \times \frac{5 \text{ mol O}_2}{1 \text{ mol C}_3\text{H}_8} = 20 \text{ mol O}_2
  4. Calculate the volume of O2\text{O}_2 at s.t.p.

    At s.t.p., 1 mole1 \text{ mole} of any gas occupies 22.4 dm322.4 \text{ dm}^3.

    Volume of O2=20 mol×22.4 dm3/mol=448 dm3\text{Volume of O}_2 = 20 \text{ mol} \times 22.4 \text{ dm}^3/\text{mol} = 448 \text{ dm}^3

    The volume of oxygen required is 448 dm3\boxed{\text{448 dm}^3}.

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