4. a) Electrolysis is the process of decomposing an ionic compound (electrolyte) into its constituent elements by passing an electric current through it, usually in a molten state or in solution.
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4. a) Electrolysis is the process of decomposing an ionic compound (electrolyte) into its constituent elements by passing an electric current through it, usually in a molten state or in solution.
4. b) The anode is the electrode connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. In the given diagram, the anode is the right-hand electrode.
4. c) At the anode, oxidation occurs. Chloride ions ($Cl^-$) lose electrons to form chlorine gas.
$$ 2Cl^-(l) \longrightarrow Cl_2(g) + 2e^- $$
5. a) The electron configurations for P (2.1), W (2.8.1), and R (2.8.8.1) all show one electron in their outermost shell. Elements with one valence electron belong to Group 1 of the periodic table. This group is generally known as the Alkali metals.
The general name given to the group in which P, W, and R belong is the $\boxed{\text{Alkali metals}}$.
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