Here are the answers to the questions:
SECTION B
Answer any Two questions from this section.
1. a. i. What is digestion?
Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller, absorbable molecules that the body can use for energy, growth, and repair.
a. ii. State five parts of the digestive system and with one function each of them.
Mouth: Chews food and mixes it with saliva to begin mechanical and chemical digestion.
Esophagus: Transports food from the mouth to the stomach through muscular contractions.
Stomach: Mixes food with acid and enzymes to break it down further.
Small Intestine: Absorbs most nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.
Large Intestine: Absorbs water from undigested food and forms feces.
b. i. Explain the following terms.
a. habitat*
A habitat is the natural environment or home where a particular organism lives, providing all the necessary resources for its survival.
b. ecosystem*
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic components) interacting with their non-living environment (abiotic components) in a specific area.
b. ii. Mention three (3) activities that cause imbalance in the ecosystem.
Deforestation
Pollution (e.g., air, water, soil pollution)
Overhunting or overfishing
b. iii. Mention four (4) things that use electricity.
Television
Refrigerator
Electric fan
Light bulb
b. iv. Write three (3) ways of conserving electric energy.
Turn off lights and appliances when not in use.
Use energy-efficient appliances (e.g., LED bulbs).
Unplug chargers and electronics when fully charged or not in use.
b. v. Give three (3) sources of electricity.
Hydroelectric power (from water)
Solar power (from the sun)
Thermal power (from burning fossil fuels like coal or natural gas)
2. a. i What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects or systems due to a temperature difference. It is the total kinetic energy of the molecules within a substance.
a. ii. What are sources of energy?
Sources of energy are natural or artificial phenomena that can be harnessed to produce useful work, such as electricity, heat, or mechanical motion.
a. iii. Give four examples of source of energy.
Sun (solar energy)
Wind
Fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas)
Water (hydroelectric energy)
b. Explain the following terms
i. Evaporation*
Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas or vapor, typically occurring at the surface of the liquid without boiling.
ii. Condensation*
Condensation is the process by which a gas or vapor changes into a liquid, usually due to cooling.
iii. Melting*
Melting is the process by which a solid changes into a liquid, typically occurring when the solid absorbs enough heat to reach its melting point.
3. a i. What is electricity conservation?
Electricity conservation refers to the practice of reducing the amount of electricity consumed to save energy, lower costs, and minimize environmental impact.
a ii. Give three (3) ways of conserving electricity.
Switch off lights and fans when leaving a room.
Use natural light during the day instead of artificial lighting.
Set air conditioners to a moderate temperature.
b.i. State two (2) important of electricity in schools.
Powers lights for classrooms and facilities, enabling learning activities.
Operates computers, projectors, and other educational technology for teaching and administration.
b.ii. Mention the sources of Ghana 's electricity.
Hydroelectric power (e.g., Akosombo Dam)
Thermal power (from natural gas and crude oil)
Solar power
b.iii. Explain the following terms.
a. Electric current?*
Electric current is the flow of electric charge (usually electrons) through a conductor, measured in Amperes (A).
b. Electric circuit?*
An electric circuit is a closed loop or path through which electric current can flow, typically consisting of a power source, conductors, and components like resistors or bulbs.
c. Electrical symbols.*
Electrical symbols are standardized graphical representations used in circuit diagrams to denote various electrical and electronic components, making circuits easy to understand and design.