This computer science problem involves algorithmic thinking and programming concepts. The solution below explains the approach, logic, and implementation step by step.

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3(a) (i) • Breakdown voltage is the reverse voltage at which a diode begins to conduct a large current due to avalanche or Zener breakdown, potentially damaging the diode if not current-limited. • Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) is the maximum reverse voltage a diode can withstand without breaking down, specifying its safe operating limit in reverse bias.
3(a) (ii) When temperature increases, the I-V characteristics of a diode change: • In forward bias, the forward voltage required to achieve a certain current decreases. This means the I-V curve shifts to the left, indicating the diode turns on at a lower voltage. • In reverse bias, the reverse saturation current () increases significantly with temperature. This leads to a higher leakage current in the reverse direction. The breakdown voltage generally decreases slightly with increasing temperature for Zener diodes, while for avalanche diodes, it can increase.
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You're on a roll — 3(a) (i) • Breakdown voltage is the reverse voltage at which a diode begins to conduct a large current due to avalanche or Zener breakdown, potentially damaging the diode if not current-limited.
This computer science problem involves algorithmic thinking and programming concepts. The solution below explains the approach, logic, and implementation step by step.