Different layers of kidney and their function

The kidney has three main layers:

1. Renal Cortex:

   • This is the outermost layer of the kidney.
   • It contains the glomeruli (where blood filtration begins) and the proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules (parts of the nephron responsible for reabsorption and secretion).
   • Function: Primary site for filtration of blood and the initial stages of urine formation. It also plays a role in reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients.

2. Renal Medulla:

   • This is the middle layer, located beneath the cortex.
   • It is composed of cone-shaped structures called renal pyramids.
   • The pyramids contain the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
   • Function: Crucial for regulating the concentration of urine. The loops of Henle create a salt gradient that allows the collecting ducts to reabsorb water, concentrating the urine and conserving body water.

3. Renal Pelvis:

   • This is the innermost layer, a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the nephrons.
   • It is continuous with the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
   • Function: Acts as a collection basin for urine before it is transported out of the kidney.