In homology modeling, sequence alignment is followed by

The question asks what step follows sequence alignment in homology modeling. Homology modeling is a computational method used to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on its amino acid sequence and the known experimental structure of a related homologous protein (the template).

Let's break down the typical steps in homology modeling:

1. Template identification: This involves searching for known protein structures that are homologous to the target protein.
2. Sequence alignment: The amino acid sequence of the target protein is aligned with the sequence of the chosen template protein. This alignment is crucial as it dictates how the target protein's structure will be built based on the template.
3. Backbone construction: The main chain (backbone) of the target protein is built based on the aligned template structure.
4. Loop modeling: Regions where the target and template sequences have insertions or deletions (gaps in the alignment) are modeled, as these often form loops.
5. Side chain modeling: After the backbone and loops are established, the side chains for all amino acid residues in the target protein are added and positioned.
6. Model refinement and validation: The constructed model undergoes refinement, often involving energy minimization, to improve its stereochemistry and overall energy. Finally, the model's quality is assessed.

Now let's evaluate the given options:

• A. Energy minimization: This is a refinement step that occurs towards the end of the modeling process, after the full 3D structure (including side chains) has been built.
• B. Template identification: This step precedes sequence alignment. You must identify a template before you can align your target sequence to it.
• C. Alignment corrections: While alignment might be refined or corrected, it's not the primary next step in building the 3D model after the initial alignment is performed. The main progression is towards constructing the structure.
• D. Side chain modeling: After the sequence alignment is complete and the backbone structure is implicitly or explicitly built based on that alignment, the next major step in completing the 3D model is to add and position the side chains of the amino acids.

Considering the sequence of events, side chain modeling is a direct and essential step that follows the initial sequence alignment and backbone construction in the process of building the complete 3D model.

The final answer is $\boxed{\text{D. Side chain modeling}}$.