The most appropriate chart type for showing a trend over time, such as quarterly cocoa price from 2018 to 2024, is a.........

Here are the answers to the questions:

14. The most appropriate chart type for showing a trend over time, such as quarterly cocoa prices from 2018 to 2024, is (a) Line graph.

    • Line graphs are ideal for displaying data points over a continuous period, clearly showing trends and changes.

15. In Microsoft Excel, the Analysis ToolPak add-in, once enabled, appears as a button on the (a) Data tab.

    • The Data Analysis tools are found in the "Analyze" group on the Data tab.

16. The Excel function used to calculate the SAMPLE standard deviation of a range of values is (c) =STDEV.S(range).

    • STDEV.S calculates the standard deviation based on a sample, while STDEV.P calculates it based on the entire population.

17. In SPSS, the window in which the researcher defines the name, type, label, and measurement level of each variable BEFORE entering data is the (b) Variable View.

    • Variable View is where you set up the metadata for each variable in your dataset.

18. The arithmetic mean is known to be highly sensitive to (a) Outliers.

    • Outliers, which are extreme values, can significantly pull the mean towards them, making it less representative of the central tendency.

19. When a dataset is skewed or contains outliers, the measure of central tendency generally considered more representative of the 'typical' value is the (b) Median.

    • The median is less affected by extreme values or skewness compared to the mean, as it represents the middle value of the dataset.

20. The Interquartile Range (IQR) is calculated as (c) Q3 - Q1.

    • The IQR is the range between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1), representing the middle 50% of the data.

21. The t-test is generally preferred over the Z-test in practice mainly because (a) The population standard deviation is usually unknown.

    • The Z-test requires the population standard deviation ($\sigma$) to be known, which is rarely the case in real-world research. The t-test uses the sample standard deviation ($s$) as an estimate.