Part II: Choose the correct answer among the alternatives for the following questions.

እነዚህ ጥያቄዎች ከምርት እና ወጪ ጋር የተያያዙ ናቸው።

1. The process of using different factors of production in order to make goods and services available is known as:

• A. Investment

• B. Production

• C. Consumption

• D. Resource

• መልስ: B. Production

• ማብራሪያ: እቃዎችና አገልግሎቶችን ለማምረት የተለያዩ የምርት ግብአቶችን (factors of production) የመጠቀም ሂደት ምርት (Production) ይባላል።

2. Any good or service that comes out of a production process, is known as:

• A. Output

• B. Input

• C. Labour

• D. Economic resource

• መልስ: A. Output

• ማብራሪያ: ከምርት ሂደት የሚወጣ ማንኛውም እቃ ወይም አገልግሎት ውጤት (Output) ይባላል።

3. When the short-run marginal product of labour is negative:

• A. total product is also negative.

• B. Total products are rising, but at a diminishing rate.

• C. Total products are rising at an increasing rate.

• D. Total products are declining.

• መልስ: D. Total products are declining.

• ማብራሪያ: የአንድ ተጨማሪ ሰራተኛ ህዳግ ምርት (marginal product of labour) አሉታዊ ሲሆን፣ አጠቃላይ ምርቱ (total product) እየቀነሰ ነው ማለት ነው።

4. Suppose the average product of 6 workers is 150 units of a good and that of 7 workers is 170 units. The MP of the seventh worker equals:

• A. 200

• B. 270

• C. 290

• D. 220

• መልስ: C. 290

• ማብራሪያ: Step 1: የ6 ሰራተኞች አጠቃላይ ምርት (Total Product for 6 workers) ያግኙ። $TP_6 = AP_6 \times L_6 = 150 units/worker \times 6 workers = 900 \text{ units}$ Step 2: የ7 ሰራተኞች አጠቃላይ ምርት (Total Product for 7 workers) ያግኙ። $TP_7 = AP_7 \times L_7 = 170 units/worker \times 7 workers = 1190 \text{ units}$ Step 3: የሰባተኛው ሰራተኛ ህዳግ ምርት (Marginal Product of the 7th worker) ያግኙ። $MP_7 = TP_7 - TP_6 = 1190 units - 900 units = \text{290 units}$