What are the definitions and causes of inflation, and what is the consumer price index and wage freeze?

Inflation is defined as:
A. a general increase in average price of goods and services

• Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. Option A accurately captures this definition.

Which of the following is NOT the cause of inflation?
D. Wage spiral inflation

• While cost-push inflation, imported inflation, and excess demand (demand-pull) inflation are direct causes or types of inflation, a wage spiral is more accurately described as a process or mechanism that perpetuates inflation once it has started, rather than an initial cause. It's a feedback loop where rising prices lead to higher wage demands, which in turn lead to further price increases.

Consumer price index is a:
B. measure used to show changes in the price of goods and services.

• The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a statistical measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.

What does 'wage freeze' mean?
B. Placing a temporary ban on wages during times of higher inflation.

• A wage freeze is a policy where employers temporarily stop increasing the wages of their employees, often implemented by governments or companies during periods of high inflation to try and control rising costs.

The weighted price for selected group of goods and service has increase from K20 to K25. Assume that the base Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 100. What would be the inflation rate?
A. 25%