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b

0.2 mm\text{0.2 mm}

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Here are the answers to your questions:

  1. How is fur to desert animal other than regulation of their body Besides regulating body temperature, fur in desert animals provides protection from harmful UV radiation from the sun and offers camouflage to blend with their environment, aiding in avoiding predators or ambushing prey.

  2. What are the function of white blood cell White blood cells (leukocytes) are crucial components of the immune system. Their main functions include:

    • Phagocytosis: Engulfing and digesting pathogens (like bacteria and viruses) and cellular debris.
    • Antibody production: B lymphocytes produce antibodies to neutralize specific pathogens.
    • Immune response coordination: T lymphocytes coordinate immune responses and directly kill infected cells.

  3. Explain 3 adaptation of cardiac muscle to their function Three adaptations of cardiac muscle to its function are:

    • Intercalated discs: These specialized junctions connect cardiac muscle cells, allowing rapid transmission of electrical impulses and enabling the heart to contract as a single unit (functional syncytium).
    • Abundant mitochondria: Cardiac muscle cells contain a very high density of mitochondria to produce a continuous supply of ATP, supporting the heart's constant, tireless contractions.
    • Involuntary control: Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically and automatically without conscious effort, regulated by the autonomic nervous system and intrinsic pacemakers.

  4. A student trying to estimate size of an onion cell observed the following on the microscope field of view

Part a

**Resolving Power

**Resolving power** (or resolution) is the ability of an optical instrument, such as a microscope, to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities. A higher resolving power means finer details can be seen.

Part b

0.2 mm\text{0.2 mm}

**If the student counted 20 cells across the field - Calculate the size of one cell in mm

  1. State the assumed field of view diameter.

    Since the field of view diameter is not provided, we will assume a common low-power field of view diameter of $4 \text{ mm}$.

  2. Calculate the size of one cell.

    The size of one cell is found by dividing the field of view diameter by the number of cells counted across it.
$$
\text{Size of one cell} = \frac{\text{Field of view diameter}}{\text{Number of cells}}
$$
$$
\text{Size of one cell} = \frac{4 \text{ mm}}{20}
$$
$$
\text{Size of one cell} = 0.2 \text{ mm}
$$
The size of one cell is $\boxed{\text{0.2 mm}}$.

    5. This question is incomplete. Please provide the full question.

    1. Define peristalsis and state its function in the nutrition in mammals Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. Its function in nutrition in mammals is to propel the bolus of food from the esophagus to the stomach, and then the chyme through the intestines, ensuring efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients.

    2. This question requires a diagram which is not provided.

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