Based on the principles of the SECI model and the concept of ‘Ba’ as outlined by Attard et al. (2022), knowledge creation at Imbokodo Innovations occurs through dynamic interactions between tacit and explicit knowledge, but this process is constrained due to limited shared spaces for person-centered dialogue. Socialization (Tacit → Tacit): Senior engineers share unarticulated expertise, problem-solving heuristics, and innovation instincts through apprenticeship or informal mentoring. This relies on shared experience and observation, aligning with “emotions, feelings, and mental images” (Attard et al., 2022, p. 2). However, at Imbokodo, this is uneven, suggesting weak peer-level social interaction. Externalization (Tacit → Explicit): Critical know-how held by senior engineers should be articulated into documented procedures or digital knowledge systems. Attard et al. (2022) note that externalization requires dialogue and collective reflection. Imbokodo’s existing digital systems are present but likely underutilized because engineers lack a ‘Ba’—a physical or mental shared space “open to the sharing of practices, values, processes and culture” (Attard et al., 2022, p. 3). Combination (Explicit → Explicit): Explicit knowledge from digital systems could be recombined to create new solutions for expansion into African markets. But because “learning is uneven,” junior staff cannot systematically access or synthesize existing explicit knowledge, limiting organisational-level innovation. Internalization (Explicit → Tacit): Learning by doing, where explicit guidelines become individual know-how. This is constrained as there is no person-centered environment “where healthful relationships… are formed” (Attard et al., 2022, p. 3), leaving junior engineers without guided practice. The core problem is the absence of effective ‘Ba’—a shared platform for knowledge creation that “focuses mainly on the individual as a person who holds the knowledge rather than just on the knowledge itself” (Attard et al., 2022, p. Knowledge is concentrated, meaning there is no collective space for senior and junior engineers to share values, beliefs, and emotions—critical for converting tacit knowledge. · Without ‘Ba’, socialization is sporadic, externalization is superficial, and internalization fails. · As the firm expands into other African markets, this constraint threatens sustainability because new practices cannot be developed “with others rather than to others” (Attard et al., 2022, p. 3). While the primary theoretical resource is Attard et al. (2022), the analysis also implicitly draws on: · Nonaka’s original SECI theory (as cited in Attard et al., 2022) for the distinction between tacit/explicit knowledge and the four conversion modes. · Person-centered practice literature (referenced in Attard et al., 2022) to diagnose why Imbokodo’s management sees knowledge loss as a human, relational issue—not just a technical one. Paraphrase this paragraph with simple grade 4 English, including the intext referencing