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3 parts
1

1.6575×10−19 J\text{1.6575} \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}

a

4.8×10−19 J\text{4.8} \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}

b

5.6434×10−17 J\text{5.6434} \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}

7.2289×1014 Hz\text{7.2289} \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}

Step-by-step solution

10 steps

Part 1· 3 steps

Calculate the quantum of energy for a radiation.

  1. State the formula for the energy of a photon.

    The quantum energy EE of radiation is given by Planck's relation:

    E=hfE = hf

    where hh is Planck's constant and ff is the frequency of the radiation.

  2. Substitute the given values.

    We are given h=6.63×10−34h = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} J s and f=2.5×1014f = 2.5 \times 10^{14} Hz.

    E=(6.63×10−34 J s)×(2.5×1014 Hz)E = (6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}) \times (2.5 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz})
  3. Calculate the energy.

    E=16.575×10−20 JE = 16.575 \times 10^{-20} \text{ J} E=1.6575×10−19 JE = 1.6575 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}

    The quantum energy of the radiation is 1.6575×10−19 J\boxed{\text{1.6575} \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}}.

Part 2

Work function and photoelectric effect.

Part a

4.8×10−19 J\text{4.8} \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}

Express the work function in Joules.

  1. Convert the work function from eV to Joules.

    The work function W0W_0 is given as 3.0 eV.
    The conversion factor is 1 eV =1.6×10−19= 1.6 \times 10^{-19} J.

    W0=3.0 eV×(1.6×10−19JeV)W_0 = 3.0 \text{ eV} \times \left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \frac{\text{J}}{\text{eV}}\right)
  2. Calculate the work function in Joules.

    W0=4.8×10−19 JW_0 = 4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}

    The work function in Joules is 4.8×10−19 J\boxed{\text{4.8} \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}}.

Part b

5.6434×10−17 J\text{5.6434} \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}

Determine the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons and the threshold frequency.

  1. Convert the wavelength to meters and calculate the energy of the incident photon.

    The wavelength λ=3.5\lambda = 3.5 nm.
    We know that 1 nm =10−9= 10^{-9} m.
    So, λ=3.5×10−9\lambda = 3.5 \times 10^{-9} m.
    Planck's constant h=6.64×10−34h = 6.64 \times 10^{-34} J s (for this part).
    The speed of light c=3.0×108c = 3.0 \times 10^8 m/s.
    The energy of the incident photon EE is given by:

    E=hcλE = \frac{hc}{\lambda} E=(6.64×10−34 J s)×(3.0×108 m/s)3.5×10−9 mE = \frac{(6.64 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}) \times (3.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s})}{3.5 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}}
  2. Calculate the energy of the incident photon.

    E=19.92×10−263.5×10−9 JE = \frac{19.92 \times 10^{-26}}{3.5 \times 10^{-9}} \text{ J} E≈5.6914×10−17 JE \approx 5.6914 \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}
  3. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons.

    The photoelectric effect equation is E=W0+KmaxE = W_0 + K_{max}, where KmaxK_{max} is the maximum kinetic energy.
    Therefore, Kmax=E−W0K_{max} = E - W_0.
    We have W0=4.8×10−19W_0 = 4.8 \times 10^{-19} J (calculated previously).

    Kmax=(5.6914×10−17 J)−(4.8×10−19 J)K_{max} = (5.6914 \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}) - (4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J})

    To subtract, we need to have the same power of 10:

    Kmax=(569.14×10−19 J)−(4.8×10−19 J)K_{max} = (569.14 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}) - (4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}) Kmax=(569.14−4.8)×10−19 JK_{max} = (569.14 - 4.8) \times 10^{-19} \text{ J} Kmax=564.34×10−19 JK_{max} = 564.34 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J} Kmax=5.6434×10−17 JK_{max} = 5.6434 \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}

    The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is 5.6434×10−17 J\boxed{\text{5.6434} \times 10^{-17} \text{ J}}.

  4. Calculate the threshold frequency.

    The threshold frequency f0f_0 is the minimum frequency required to eject an electron, and it is related to the work function by W0=hf0W_0 = hf_0.
    Therefore, f0=W0hf_0 = \frac{W_0}{h}.
    We use W0=4.8×10−19W_0 = 4.8 \times 10^{-19} J and h=6.64×10−34h = 6.64 \times 10^{-34} J s.

    f0=4.8×10−19 J6.64×10−34 J sf_0 = \frac{4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}}{6.64 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}}
  5. Calculate the threshold frequency.

    f0≈0.72289×1015 Hzf_0 \approx 0.72289 \times 10^{15} \text{ Hz} f0≈7.2289×1014 Hzf_0 \approx 7.2289 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}

    The threshold frequency is 7.2289×1014 Hz\boxed{\text{7.2289} \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz}}.

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