From the options tendered A to D, Choose the word which is nearly opposite in meaning to underlined word in each sentence.

SECTION D

28. Water is essential for human beings. The word essential means absolutely necessary or important. The opposite of essential is unimportant. The correct option is B.

    $$\boxed{\text{B. Unimportant}}$$

29. Mrs. Cham is extravagant; she always wears second-hand clothes. The context "she always wears second-hand clothes" indicates that Mrs. Cham is economical, not extravagant. Therefore, the word extravagant here is used ironically or incorrectly in the premise, but we are looking for the opposite of the word itself. Extravagant means spending a lot of money or being wasteful. The opposite is thrifty, meaning careful with money. The correct option is C.

    $$\boxed{\text{C. Thrifty}}$$

30. At the end of the meeting all the members concurred with the chairman's suggestion. The word concurred means agreed. The opposite is disagreed. The correct option is B.

    $$\boxed{\text{B. Disagreed}}$$

31. The river near our village is very narrow. The word narrow means of small width. The opposite is wide. The correct option is D.

    $$\boxed{\text{D. Wide}}$$

32. Aisha is a quiet girl; she rarely speaks in class. The word rarely means not often. The opposite is always. The correct option is A.

    $$\boxed{\text{A. Always}}$$

33. The boy was unwilling to do his homework. The word unwilling means not wanting to do something. The opposite is eager, meaning wanting to do something very much. The correct option is C.

    $$\boxed{\text{C. Eager}}$$

34. That picture is painted in bright colours. The word bright refers to vivid or intense colours. The opposite is dull, meaning lacking brightness or intensity. The correct option is D.

    $$\boxed{\text{D. Dull}}$$

35. The flight from Banjul to Dakar departs at eight o'clock. The word departs means leaves. The opposite is arrives. The correct option is B.

    $$\boxed{\text{B. Arrives}}$$

SECTION E

36. "When I tried to explain why I was late, my mother asked me to hold my tongue." This means that she asks me to The idiom "to hold one's tongue" means to keep quiet or refrain from speaking. The correct option is C.

    $$\boxed{\text{C. keep quiet}}$$

37. "These days many people are living from hand to mouth." This means that The idiom "living from hand to mouth" means having just enough money or food to live on and nothing extra, often implying a struggle for survival. The correct option is D.

    $$\boxed{\text{D. are barely surviving}}$$