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Answer

1.2 A\text{1.2 A}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To determine the current through the 3Ω3 \Omega resistor, we will use Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) with mesh analysis.

  1. Define mesh currents.

    We define three clockwise mesh currents:

    • I1I_1: Current in the top-left mesh.
    • I2I_2: Current in the bottom-left mesh.
    • I3I_3: Current in the right mesh.
  2. Apply KVL to each mesh.

    For Mesh 1 (top-left loop):
    Starting from the bottom-left corner of Mesh 1 and moving clockwise:

    −6 V+(I1)(2Ω)+(I1−I2)(3Ω)=0-6 \text{ V} + (I_1)(2 \Omega) + (I_1 - I_2)(3 \Omega) = 0 2I1+3I1−3I2=62I_1 + 3I_1 - 3I_2 = 6 5I1−3I2=6(Equation 1)5I_1 - 3I_2 = 6 \quad (\text{Equation 1})

    For Mesh 2 (bottom-left loop):
    Starting from the bottom-left corner of Mesh 2 and moving clockwise:

    −6 V+(I2−I1)(3Ω)+(I2−I3)(4Ω)=0-6 \text{ V} + (I_2 - I_1)(3 \Omega) + (I_2 - I_3)(4 \Omega) = 0 3I2−3I1+4I2−4I3=63I_2 - 3I_1 + 4I_2 - 4I_3 = 6 −3I1+7I2−4I3=6(Equation 2)-3I_1 + 7I_2 - 4I_3 = 6 \quad (\text{Equation 2})

    For Mesh 3 (right loop):
    Starting from the top-right corner of Mesh 3 and moving clockwise:

    (I3−I1)(4Ω)+(I3−I2)(4Ω)=0(I_3 - I_1)(4 \Omega) + (I_3 - I_2)(4 \Omega) = 0 4I3−4I1+4I3−4I2=04I_3 - 4I_1 + 4I_3 - 4I_2 = 0 −4I1−4I2+8I3=0-4I_1 - 4I_2 + 8I_3 = 0

    Dividing by 4:

    −I1−I2+2I3=0(Equation 3)-I_1 - I_2 + 2I_3 = 0 \quad (\text{Equation 3})
  3. Solve the system of linear equations.

    From Equation 3, we can express 2I32I_3 in terms of I1I_1 and I2I_2:

    2I3=I1+I22I_3 = I_1 + I_2

    So, 4I3=2(I1+I2)4I_3 = 2(I_1 + I_2).

    Substitute this into Equation 2:

    −3I1+7I2−2(I1+I2)=6-3I_1 + 7I_2 - 2(I_1 + I_2) = 6 −3I1+7I2−2I1−2I2=6-3I_1 + 7I_2 - 2I_1 - 2I_2 = 6 −5I1+5I2=6(Equation 4)-5I_1 + 5I_2 = 6 \quad (\text{Equation 4})

    Now we have a system of two equations with two variables (I1I_1 and I2I_2):

    1. 5I1−3I2=65I_1 - 3I_2 = 6
    2. −5I1+5I2=6-5I_1 + 5I_2 = 6

    Add Equation 1 and Equation 4:

    (5I1−3I2)+(−5I1+5I2)=6+6(5I_1 - 3I_2) + (-5I_1 + 5I_2) = 6 + 6 2I2=122I_2 = 12 I2=122=6 AI_2 = \frac{12}{2} = 6 \text{ A}

    Substitute the value of I2I_2 into Equation 1:

    5I1−3(6 A)=65I_1 - 3(6 \text{ A}) = 6 5I1−18=65I_1 - 18 = 6 5I1=6+185I_1 = 6 + 18 5I1=245I_1 = 24 I1=245=4.8 AI_1 = \frac{24}{5} = 4.8 \text{ A}
  4. Determine the current through the 3Ω3 \Omega resistor.

    The 3Ω3 \Omega resistor is shared by Mesh 1 and Mesh 2. The current through it is the difference between I1I_1 and I2I_2. If we consider the current flowing downwards (in the direction of I1I_1), it is I1−I2I_1 - I_2.

    I3Ω=I1−I2I_{3\Omega} = I_1 - I_2 I3Ω=4.8 A−6 AI_{3\Omega} = 4.8 \text{ A} - 6 \text{ A} I3Ω=−1.2 AI_{3\Omega} = -1.2 \text{ A}

    The negative sign indicates that the actual current flows upwards through the 3Ω3 \Omega resistor, opposite to the assumed direction of I1I_1 through that branch. The "size" of the current refers to its magnitude.

    The size of the current through the 3Ω3 \Omega resistor is 1.2 A\boxed{\text{1.2 A}}.

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