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28. (d)

(i) Substance T is Ethanol.
(ii) The property of ethene that allows it to be collected as shown in the setup is that it is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water.

28. (e)

The name of the polymer formed is Poly(ethene) or Polyethylene.
One disadvantage of this polymer is that it is non-biodegradable, leading to environmental pollution.

29.

Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.
Given the molecular mass is 58. The atomic mass of C is 12 and H is 1.
For a hydrocarbon $\text{C}_x\text{H}_y$ , the molecular mass is $12x + y$ .
$12x + y = 58$
By trial and error, if we assume $x=4$ :
$12(4) + y = 58$ $48 + y = 58$ $y = 58 - 48$ $y = 10$
So, the molecular formula is $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$ .
Draw two possible structures and name them.
The molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$ corresponds to an alkane.
1. Butane (or n-butane) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
2. 2-Methylpropane (or isobutane) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{CH}_3$
30. (a)
Write the reaction of ethyne with hydrogen bromide.
Ethyne ( $\text{CH}\equiv\text{CH}$ ) undergoes an addition reaction with hydrogen bromide ( $\text{HBr}$ ).
$\text{CH}\equiv\text{CH} + \text{HBr} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2=\text{CHBr}$
State the structure and name of the product.
The structure of the compound formed is:
$\text{CH}_2=\text{CHBr}$
The name of the compound is Bromoethene (or Vinyl bromide).

30. (b)
Identify the molecular formula.
The molecular formula of the alkyne is $\text{C}_4\text{H}_6$ .
Draw two possible structures for alkynes with this formula.
1. But-1-yne $\text{CH}\equiv\text{C}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
2. But-2-yne $\text{CH}_3-\text{C}\equiv\text{C}-\text{CH}_3$

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