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5 parts
a(i)

84.5 cm84.5 \text{ cm}

a(ii)

84.31 cm84.31 \text{ cm}

a(iii)

14.80 cm14.80 \text{ cm}

b(i)

a=12a = 12

b=14b = 14

b(ii)

42.67 cm42.67 \text{ cm}

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Here is the solution to question 7:

Part a(i)· 1 step

mean length;

To calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation, we first construct a frequency distribution table with midpoints, deviations, and cumulative frequencies.
Given assumed mean A=94.5A = 94.5.
Class width c=10c = 10.

Length (cm)Class BoundariesMidpoint (xx)Frequency (ff)d=x−Ad = x - Afdfdd2d^2fd2fd^2Cumulative Frequency (cf)
50-5949.5-59.554.510-40-40016001600010
60-6959.5-69.564.520-30-6009001800030
70-7969.5-79.574.545-20-9004001800075
80-8979.5-89.584.552-10-5201005200127
90-9989.5-99.594.5430000170
100-10999.5-109.5104.518101801001800188
110-119109.5-119.5114.512202404004800200
Total∑f=200\sum f = 200∑fd=−2000\sum fd = -2000∑fd2=63800\sum fd^2 = 63800
  1. Calculate the mean using the assumed mean formula.

    The formula for the mean (xˉ\bar{x}) using an assumed mean (AA) is:

    xˉ=A+∑fd∑f\bar{x} = A + \frac{\sum fd}{\sum f}

    Substitute the values from the table:

    xˉ=94.5+−2000200\bar{x} = 94.5 + \frac{-2000}{200} xˉ=94.5−10\bar{x} = 94.5 - 10 xˉ=84.5 cm\bar{x} = 84.5 \text{ cm}

    The mean length is 84.5 cm\boxed{84.5 \text{ cm}}.

Part a(ii)

84.31 cm84.31 \text{ cm}

median;

  1. Determine the median position and median class.

    Total frequency N=∑f=200N = \sum f = 200.
    The median position is N2=2002=100th\frac{N}{2} = \frac{200}{2} = 100^{th} value.
    From the cumulative frequency column, the 100th100^{th} value falls in the class 80-89 (cf = 127).
    So, the median class is 80-89.

  2. Apply the median formula for grouped data.

    Lower boundary of median class (LL) = 79.5
    Frequency of median class (fmf_m) = 52
    Cumulative frequency of the class before the median class (cfbcf_b) = 75
    Class width (cc) = 10
    The formula for the median is:

    Median=L+(N/2−cfbfm)c\text{Median} = L + \left(\frac{N/2 - cf_b}{f_m}\right)c

    Substitute the values:

    Median=79.5+(100−7552)10\text{Median} = 79.5 + \left(\frac{100 - 75}{52}\right)10 Median=79.5+(2552)10\text{Median} = 79.5 + \left(\frac{25}{52}\right)10 Median=79.5+4.80769\text{Median} = 79.5 + 4.80769 Median≈84.31 cm\text{Median} \approx 84.31 \text{ cm}

    The median is 84.31 cm\boxed{84.31 \text{ cm}}.

Part a(iii)

14.80 cm14.80 \text{ cm}

standard deviation.

  1. Apply the standard deviation formula using the assumed mean.

    The formula for standard deviation (σ\sigma) using an assumed mean is:

    σ=∑fd2∑f−(∑fd∑f)2\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum fd^2}{\sum f} - \left(\frac{\sum fd}{\sum f}\right)^2}

    Substitute the values from the table:

    σ=63800200−(−2000200)2\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{63800}{200} - \left(\frac{-2000}{200}\right)^2} σ=319−(−10)2\sigma = \sqrt{319 - (-10)^2} σ=319−100\sigma = \sqrt{319 - 100} σ=219\sigma = \sqrt{219} σ≈14.80 cm\sigma \approx 14.80 \text{ cm}

    The standard deviation is 14.80 cm\boxed{14.80 \text{ cm}}.

Part b(i)

a=12a = 12

Given that the mean is 41.95, determine the value of a and b;

Table 2 shows the diameters of 100 metal pipes.
Total number of pipes N=100N = 100.
Mean diameter xˉ=41.95\bar{x} = 41.95.

First, we determine the midpoints (xx) for each class.
Class width c=3c = 3.

Diameter (cm)Class BoundariesMidpoint (xx)Frequency (ff)fxfx
33-3532.5-35.5347238
36-3835.5-38.537a37a
39-4138.5-41.54022880
42-4441.5-44.543361548
45-4744.5-47.546b46b
48-5047.5-50.5499441
Total∑f=100\sum f = 100∑fx=3107+37a+46b\sum fx = 3107 + 37a + 46b
  1. Formulate equations based on total frequency and mean.

    From the total frequency:

    7+a+22+36+b+9=1007 + a + 22 + 36 + b + 9 = 100 74+a+b=10074 + a + b = 100 a+b=26(Equation 1)a + b = 26 \quad (\text{Equation 1})

    From the mean formula xˉ=∑fx∑f\bar{x} = \frac{\sum fx}{\sum f}:

    41.95=3107+37a+46b10041.95 = \frac{3107 + 37a + 46b}{100} 4195=3107+37a+46b4195 = 3107 + 37a + 46b 37a+46b=4195−310737a + 46b = 4195 - 3107 37a+46b=1088(Equation 2)37a + 46b = 1088 \quad (\text{Equation 2})
  2. Solve the system of linear equations for aa and bb.

    From Equation 1, express aa in terms of bb: a=26−ba = 26 - b.
    Substitute this into Equation 2:

    37(26−b)+46b=108837(26 - b) + 46b = 1088 962−37b+46b=1088962 - 37b + 46b = 1088 9b=1088−9629b = 1088 - 962 9b=1269b = 126 b=1269b = \frac{126}{9} b=14b = 14

    Now substitute b=14b=14 back into a=26−ba = 26 - b:

    a=26−14a = 26 - 14 a=12a = 12

    The values are a=12\boxed{a = 12} and b=14\boxed{b = 14}.

Part b(ii)

42.67 cm42.67 \text{ cm}

hence calculate the mode.

  1. Identify the modal class.

    The frequencies are 7, a=12a=12, 22, 36, b=14b=14, 9.
    The highest frequency is 36, which corresponds to the class 42-44.
    So, the modal class is 42-44.

  2. Apply the mode formula for grouped data.

    Lower boundary of modal class (LmL_m) = 41.5
    Frequency of modal class (fmf_m) = 36
    Frequency of the class before the modal class (f1f_1) = 22
    Frequency of the class after the modal class (f2f_2) = 14
    Class width (cc) = 3
    The formula for the mode is:

    Mode=Lm+(fm−f1(fm−f1)+(fm−f2))c\text{Mode} = L_m + \left(\frac{f_m - f_1}{(f_m - f_1) + (f_m - f_2)}\right)c

    Substitute the values:

    Mode=41.5+(36−22(36−22)+(36−14))3\text{Mode} = 41.5 + \left(\frac{36 - 22}{(36 - 22) + (36 - 14)}\right)3 Mode=41.5+(1414+22)3\text{Mode} = 41.5 + \left(\frac{14}{14 + 22}\right)3 Mode=41.5+(1436)3\text{Mode} = 41.5 + \left(\frac{14}{36}\right)3 Mode=41.5+1412\text{Mode} = 41.5 + \frac{14}{12} Mode=41.5+1.1666...\text{Mode} = 41.5 + 1.1666... Mode≈42.67 cm\text{Mode} \approx 42.67 \text{ cm}

    The mode is 42.67 cm\boxed{42.67 \text{ cm}}.

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