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a)

(i) Name of gas R:
Gas R is collected from the reaction of magnesium with steam. This reaction produces hydrogen gas.
Gas R is hydrogen.

(ii) State one observation that will be noted in the reaction tube:
Magnesium burns with a bright white flame when it reacts with steam, forming a white powder.
Observation: A white powder is formed (or the magnesium ribbon burns with a bright white flame).

(iii) Write the equation for the reaction in the reaction tube:
The equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam is:

Mg(s)+H2O(g)⟶MgO(s)+H2(g)\text{Mg(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \longrightarrow \text{MgO(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}

(iv) State one industrial use of the solid product formed in the reaction tube:
The solid product formed is magnesium oxide (MgO). It is used as a refractory material or as an ingredient in antacids.
Use: As a refractory material.

(v) What precaution should be taken at the end of the experiment?
To prevent water from being sucked back into the hot reaction tube and causing it to crack, the delivery tube must be removed from the water before turning off the heat source.
Precaution: Remove the delivery tube from the water before turning off the heat source.

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