A) Sustainable agriculture is a system of farming that aims to meet the food and textile needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own nee

8. a) Sustainable agriculture is a system of farming that aims to meet the food and textile needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It integrates environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity.

b) Benefits of practicing sustainable agriculture in Kenya:

• Environmental conservation: It helps preserve natural resources like soil and water, reducing erosion and pollution.
• Increased food security: By maintaining soil fertility and biodiversity, it ensures long-term productivity and stable food supply.
• Economic stability for farmers: Reduces reliance on expensive external inputs, lowering costs and increasing profitability.
• Improved public health: Minimizes the use of harmful pesticides and chemicals, leading to healthier food and environment.

9. a) The type of fertilizer applied at planting is DAP (Diammonium Phosphate).

b) Top dressing, which involves applying fertilizer like CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) weeks after planting, is done for several reasons:

• It provides essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen, when the crop's demand for these nutrients increases during its active growth phase (e.g., leaf growth for maize).
• Applying it later ensures the nutrients are available when the plant can best utilize them, reducing loss through leaching or runoff that might occur if applied too early.
• It allows for targeted nutrient application based on the observed growth and needs of the crop, promoting vigorous development.

c) Three precautions observed when applying fertilizers:

• Wear protective gear: Use gloves, masks, and appropriate clothing to prevent skin contact and inhalation of fertilizer dust.
• Apply the correct dosage: Follow recommended application rates to avoid over-fertilization, which can harm plants and pollute the environment.
• Store fertilizers safely: Keep fertilizers in a cool, dry place, away from children, pets, and sources of ignition, and ensure bags are properly sealed.