Exploration: European explorers extensively mapped the interior of the continent, previously unknown to them.

Here are five European activities in Africa during the 19th century:

• Exploration: European explorers extensively mapped the interior of the continent, previously unknown to them.
• Missionary Activities: Christian missionaries established churches and schools, aiming to convert Africans and spread Western influence.
• Trade: Europeans engaged in trade for raw materials such as palm oil, rubber, and minerals, establishing trading posts along the coasts and rivers.
• Suppression of the Slave Trade: European powers actively worked to abolish the transatlantic slave trade and later sought to suppress internal slave trade within Africa.
• Establishment of Trading Companies: Chartered companies were formed to exploit resources and administer territories, laying the groundwork for formal colonization.