Lowrie observes three different soil types in different locations. Identify the soil types and determine which is best for crops.

Based on the description, Lowrie encountered three main types of soil:

1. Sticky and grey soil with a lot of water near the rubbish pit: This describes clay soil or silt soil. It has high water retention but often poor drainage and aeration.
2. Reddish-brown soil with earthworms around the rubbish pit: This indicates loam soil or soil rich in humus. Earthworms are a sign of good soil fertility, aeration, and organic matter.
3. Dry soil with large soil particles near the valley: This describes sandy soil. It has good drainage but poor water retention and nutrient-holding capacity.

The most suitable soil for crop growth among these is the reddish-brown soil with earthworms.

• Explanation: This soil type is likely loam, which is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, often rich in organic matter (humus). Loam soil provides:
  • Good drainage (from sand particles) to prevent waterlogging.
  • Sufficient water retention (from silt and clay particles) to keep plants hydrated.
  • Adequate aeration for root respiration.
  • High fertility due to organic matter and the activity of earthworms, which improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.