What are the definitions and examples of mining, types and uses of photographs, and varieties of coffee and benefits of greenhouses?

Here are the answers to the questions:

SECTION A

1. a) Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth's crust. b) Three ways in which minerals occur are:

   • As veins and lodes (minerals deposited in cracks or fissures in rocks).
   • As beds and seams (minerals found in layers, often sedimentary).
   • As alluvial deposits (minerals transported and deposited by water, often in riverbeds).

2. a) Two types of ground photographs are:

   • Horizontal photographs (taken with the camera level with the ground).
   • Oblique photographs (taken from a high point on the ground, looking downwards at an angle). b) Three uses of photographs are:
   • For documentation and record-keeping.
   • For educational purposes and illustrations.
   • For tourism promotion and advertising.

3. a) Two varieties of coffee grown in Western Kenya are:

   • Robusta
   • Arabica b) Three reasons why greenhouses are preferred in agriculture are:
   • They allow for control of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light, optimizing plant growth.
   • They provide protection from pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides.
   • They shield crops from harsh weather conditions like frost, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, extending the growing season.

4. a) The distinction between a National Park and a Game Reserve is:

   • A National Park is an area of strict conservation where human activities like settlement, hunting, and logging are generally prohibited, focusing on preserving ecosystems and wildlife.
   • A Game Reserve is an area designated for wildlife conservation, but it may allow certain human activities such as controlled grazing, regulated hunting (in some cases), or resource extraction, often with less stringent protection than a national park. b) Three marine parks in Kenya are:
   • Malindi Marine National Park
   • Watamu Marine National Park
   • Kisite Mpunguti Marine National Park

5. a) The differentiation between Afforestation and Reafforestation in conservation of forest is:

   • Afforestation is the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest cover previously.
   • Reafforestation is the process of replanting trees in an area that was previously forested but has been cleared, for example, due to logging or fire. b) Three factors that favour exploitation of softwood forests in Canada are:
   • Extensive natural softwood forests, particularly the vast Boreal Forest.
   • High global demand for timber, pulp, and paper products derived from softwoods.
   • Advanced technology and infrastructure for logging, processing, and transportation (e.g., rivers, railways).

SECTION B

6. a) The questions related to the table for question 6(a) are not visible in the provided image. Therefore, I cannot answer this part.